The Use Of Dialectic To Define Justice Essays -

The Use Of Dialectic To Define Justice Through the use of Socratic dialogue, Plato has an advantage at obtaining answers by refuting other philosophers. Plato is able to achieve an answer to the question, what is justice. He derives this answer through an analogy of the ideal city. The ideal city parallels the concept of the ideal person as Plato uncovers with the aid of dialectic. Plato defines justice as a function of harmony, which must first be achieved in an individual before being extended to the city. Speaking through Socrates Plato defines justice as a philosophical understanding of excellence in the organization of society and human soul. In book IV Socrates refutes the notion that justice is visible, while using the Socratic method of dialogue. He questions that justice is the virtue that has no physical representative. Through the state, Socrates inferred that justice can be understood as opposed to being seen. In order to grasp the concept of the ideal city or the happy state one must first analyze its components. Plato does this with dialectic. Then he questions that each individual is a member of one of three groups: Rulers, Guardians, and the Producer class. Each one of the specifications of labor 2 within the kallipolis accompany a chief characteristic. The rulers were considered to have wisdom as their virtue. People chosen to be a ruler exhibited a special knowledge for leading the state. In the kallipolis rulers make their judgment for the happiness of the state as opposed to their own individual happiness. Is there some knowledge possessed by some of the citizens in the city?that does not judge about any particular matter but the city as a whole and the maintenance of good relations both internally and with other cities?(pg.104,428d) The next virtue, Plato discovers through the Socratic method, was courage. This power to preserve through everything correct and law-inculcated belief about what is to be feared and what isn't is what I call courage.(105,430b) This virtue resided mainly in the guardians. Each soldier was trained from their childhood about what to fear and what not to fear. Courage was apparent in the soldier? beliefs in the state laws as well as doing whatever was necessary to protect the state. Through the Socratic method, Plato makes an analogy of the soldiers to poorly dyed wool, stating that a soldier will never present a ridiculous and washed out appearance. The next virtue, moderation, Plato discovered through the Socratic method was needed in every member of the kallipolis, but he divulged that it was the attribute of the 3 producer class. Unlike courage and wisdom... Making the city brave and wise respectively, moderation spreads throughout the whole.(pg.107,431e) Moderation was necessary for each class, especially this one since the craftsmen are considered the appetites of kallipolis. Through dialogue with Glaucon, Plato concludes that producers were moderate; guardians were moderate and courageous; and the rulers were moderate, courageous, and wise. After Socrates has found the other three virtues in the kallipolis, he then moves on to justice. Socrates felt that justice was the virtue that was left over. Justice was an understanding in the kallipolis of each individual performing their job without interfering with that of another. Socrates placed the other three virtues first and as a result he arrived with the conclusion that justice or morality is achieved through a harmony of the others. Therefore Socrates defined justice as a function of wisdom, courage, and moderation all working together to produce the best for the state. Justice was considered as the harmony of the city as well as an individual. Socrates felt that through examining the state and its parts he could discover justice in the individual. Each individual was as the state, with three different parts: 4 mind, body, and spirit. The mind acted in each individual as a ruler. The virtue of the mind was wisdom just as the ruler of the state. Courage is also found in the soul of the individual in the form of the spirit. The spirit acts as the guardian of the soul just as the soldier does for the city. And isn't in the individual courageous in the same way and in the same part of himself

History Essays

History Essays History Essay History Essay During the winter of 1692, in the small village of Salem, Massachusetts, something terrible happened. Salem Massachusetts became the center of a horrible tragedy, which changed the life of many people. It was a time of fear, because of bad crops, Indian raids, and diseases. The people of Salem Village had to blame something, or someone. The people of Salem Village accused people, and called them witches. They were accused of all those terrible things and more. Salem Village was a small, farming community with a population of 550. It was smaller than Salem Town, and about eight miles away. Salem Town was a large port, and was a prosperous fishing community The two towns had the same minister, and used the same church as the people in Salem Village. At that time there was two groups in the village. Those who wanted to be separate from Salem Town, and those who did not. Samuel Parris was the minister of the group that did want to be separate. He helped divide the groups even more by his sermons. He called the group that did not want to separate, evil and bad, and the group that did, good and righteous. Compare with the dynasty of Qing, people was had no cerebration to share money ith strangers so that the problem of extreme disparity between the rich and the poor was very serious and it bought out many refugees indirectly. To the political factors, China has been increased the commercial potential with foreign base on the industry development under the Peoples Livelihood and this make China become more internationalization. The other philosophy of Three Peoples Principle is Democracy. Democracy means strive for the political power of people. Before 1911, China interior government was full of corruptions and the office holders were misuse heir power to hector people. Confront these reasons, people live perplexity because of office holders savage acts and the high taxation. To modify this situation, Sun Yixian address a country abundant or not is base on people. People should have a power to interference government and also partake with governments decision through an election. Sun Yixian hope that everyone is equal under his dominion. In front of this conversion, the relations between government and people has been changed. Governments work position is not depends on authority anymore, everyone an enter the different Jobs of government with their own competence in the civil servant examination system. With the proceed of Democracy, people finally own the right to speak and the efficiency of administrations interior operate was increased substantially. For the last cerebration of Three Peoples Principle is Nationalism which the creation of a strong Chinese state. Nationalism is a way to united different races of China and it also mind to strive for every races are equality. Racial discrimination is familiar nowadays and it always call injured within the argue etween different nations. The problem of extreme disparity between the rich and the poor is not only being in a society, it may also being in a country Just like China. Power and money decided each races value and bought out resentful. Base on Sun Yixians theory, this action is violate the framework of equal. To reform the relation between race and race, Sun Yixian suppose use morality and peaceful to be a groundwork and there are no distinction whatever what race you are. To the smaller nation, we have to help them and support them in every way so that they may ecome more formidable. A united country is a key point to resist enemy and develop society vigorously. For this superiority, foreign will not try to start a war with China easily. To sum up the political situation between 1911 and 1924 which has changed by Sun Yixians theory Three Peoples Principle, China has been more powerful and its station of world has been totally increased. After that, Foreign treat China as ones equal since China became industrialization and started has business connections with China. In the other side, the peoples livelihood of China interior was all receive a good quality and the administration is more upright. To contrast with the period which Sun Yixian was not yet appeared in the political world, China was full of internal revolt and foreign invasion and it is very unstable. For the interior of China, people start uprising always and try to push over Qing government such as Wuchang Uprising and Second Guangzhou Uprising because of they cannot accept the eunuchs monopoly of power intensely. Sun Yixian end up Qings tyrannical system and created a new system which is to hand state power back to the people. He also promoted the freedom of the capitalist system successfully. Through by his theory carry, Chinas political affairs become flourishing and more modern. China is not Just a country which a hole in the wall anymore, China has been solely responsible for one section. Base on these reasons, Sun Yixian has became an important politician affecting the development of China between 1911 and 1924 and bring China toa new page. History Essays History Essay History Essay Chapter 1: The Foundations of Complex SocietiesAbraham Neolithic era Moses Paleolithic era Saul cuneiform David Sargon of Akkad Solomon Mesopotamia King Cyrus the Great Homo sapiens Muhammad Gilgamesh Assyrians Nebuchadnezzar Babylonians Allah YahwehThe Boarder Influence of Mesopotamian Society Metallurgical innovations ranked among the most important developments that came about because of ______________________. About 3500 BCE experimentation with ____________ Metallurgy led to the invention of _______________ when Mesopotamian metalworkers learned to alloy _____________ with tin. Unlike pure copper, _____________ is both hard and strong, and it quickly became the preferred metal for military weaponry as craftsmen turned out swards, spears, axes, shields, and armor made of the recently invented metal. The Best known cases of early Mesopotamian influence involved Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews, who preserved memories of their historical experiences in an extensive collection of ______________________. Israelites formed a branch of Hebrews who settled in Palestine (modern day Israel) after 1300 B.C.E, these early _____________________ who inhabited lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt during the second millennium B.C.E. _______________ descended from the southern Israelites who inhabited the kingdom of Judah. According to the Hebrew scriptures (_______________________________), the Hebrews patriarch ________________ came from the Sumerian city of Ur, but he migrated to northern Mesopotamia about 1850 BCE. About 1300 BCE, this branch of the Hebrews departed under the leadership of ____________ and returned to ___________________. Organized into a loose federation of twelve _____________, those Hebrew, known as _______________, fought bitterly with other inhabitants of Palestine and carved out a territory for themselves. Eventually they would abandon their inherited tribal structure in favor of

John. F. Kennedy and Woman's rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

John. F. Kennedy and Woman's rights - Essay Example What followed will be argued to be two-fold: first, the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women [Woloch 504], and second, it will be argued that that commission along with the Civil Rights Act had a direct impact on the creation of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 [Maclean 175]. While Kennedy did not live to see the practical and legal impact of both, his mandate or vision is nonetheless captured in his successor's words. Commenting on the passing of the Equal Pay Act, Kennedy's former Vice-President, Lyndon Johnson asserted: â€Å"not just equality as a right and a theory but equality as a fact and equality as a result† [Katznelson 542]. In the long term, the influence or onset of legislation in the Kennedy era can be seen the establishment and operation at the Federal level of government, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [Wolach 560] and as the precedent for all kinds of the affirmative action claims and challenges. And, Wolach points to specific cases where †Å"employers might sometimes favor women and minorities over better qualified men and whites to correct a conspicuous imbalance† [Wolach 560] While the right to vote, or the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919 was unquestionably one of the most important landmarks in Twentieth-century Woman's rights history, it can be said that the back-drop necessary for the Kennedy era legislation was a shift or transformation in attitudes or public sentiment. In particular, the following will argue that the transformation of the role of women in the labor force by during the First World War, the Great Depression and the Second World War, significantly and indelibly stamped a change that has ever since been only an impact measured in terms of progress. As Wolach writes: â€Å"The Great Depression and World War II were disruptive emergencies that changed women's roles at home, at work, and in public life† [Wolach 438]. Wolach points to the trans-formative impact of this period r esulting from the direct participation of women in the work-place. The emergencies were defined in terms of labor shortages in the case of both wars. And, the transformation that being referred to in the present context, is basically the increase of women participating in all forms of menial labor and other areas that had an impact in two important senses. That is, important in terms of the impact on public sentiment. First, the patriarchal order that had a systemically constructed prejudice against women's abilities, was challenged. The basic perception of women were capable of doing or accomplishing changed. As Wolach stresses, the spectrum of it's impact had to do with â€Å"public life† [Wolach 560] as well. For instance, one of the changes that occurred in both Wars but in a more influential sense, during the First World War, was the admission in greater numbers of women in post-secondary institutions or colleges and universities. With great access to education, there wa s likewise a greater advancement of women in the professions or those fields that required post-secondary education. Greater participation in every facet of the labor force, and in the advanced education system meant that a change for the positive occurred in regard to the patriarchal order's perception of women and their capabilities. At the very same time, it can be said that they also viewed women as a form of opportunity as well. No one would challenge that greater labor

Article 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article 4 - Essay Example Apart from the stated reasons above, the pupils might also exhibit challenging behavior because of other reasons like disabilities (autism, for example), limited communication from the adult to the pupil, limited cognitive and emotional skills, giving too much directions (and the child could not follow), differently carried routines and expectations, or they may want to continue what they are doing and refuse to do the next objective. Now these challenging behavior occur because of the program staff structure, schedule and implementation of transitions – the transitions may be too long and the children spend a lot of time waiting for nothing do, or just because the instructions about the things to do aren’t clear. That is why programs should be designed with minimal transitions as much as possible. Schedules with children that engage in planned activities, spend little time waiting and making transitions decrease the likelihood of exhibiting challenging behavior. To minimize transitions in a class, teachers should plan well and modify certain parts of the schedule so that the children would not be idle and be engaged in interesting activities. The trick in keeping challenging behavior minimal is to let the children know the expectations in a transition; this may require modeling by role-playing or by pictures/visual cues. For example, in hand washing, the teacher may use a pupil as a model for other pupils and use a step by step diagram to guide the children in washing their hands. These transitions also help foster social skills and emotional development as there is constant communication between students and the teacher (interactivity). However, there are some children who still continue to have challenging behavior. This may call for individualized transition strategies. When teachers find out and evaluated these transitions, they can now revise strategies to help children deal with transitions easily. This will lead to fun, successful and

Water safety and quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Water safety and quality - Research Paper Example Access to safe and quality water as a basic human right has proven to be challenging worldwide, let alone in the developing countries, but also in the developed nations.Safe and quality water is important for the health of people in any society to prevent risks of diseases and ensure proper sanitation and hygiene. Water safety and quality is a health concern and serves to enable people access pure, clean, and uncontaminated water for their healthy drinking. However, to facilitate effective quality drinking water, it requires intense coordination from public water treatment systems, in-plant water consumption together its distribution process and the general attention to external weather related issues in the environment (Doyle 5). Water is freely provided by nature, but it does not mean that all water available is safe for consumption. Even the fresh water sources from the ground, which most people in the rural areas rely on, could be unsatisfactory for health standards. What hinders water safety and quality: Pollution is the major case that governments and organizations have to take precaution on. Water pollution is caused by the daily activities in a wider range; from domestic functions, industries and plants use and discharge to the general public care of its environment. According to the United Nations (1), the growth in population and changing climatic conditions continue to be affected by the decline in water quality. Nations’ economies and the global life of the living organisms are at stake in the absence of quality safe water. Pollution from human settlement: Areas where the population density is high will always have a problem in sanitation and disposal of waste products if not well controlled. Despite the effort made so far, there still exist towns and municipalities without proper ways of disposing the societies’ household waste (â€Å"Human Impacts,† keystone.edu). People living in slums have limited resources that have to be s hared equally by all. Faecal contamination (both in humans and animals) is one challenge affecting safety of drinking water and it leads to a spread of health illnesses to millions of people in the world (UNICEF unicef.org). Lack of enough toilets and proper identified locations, to deposit their domestic waste limits the societies’, and water environment health standards. The sewage and waste come into contact with the water supply systems hence affecting the water quality. Pollution from industries: Industries use the water in their cleaning, processing, and cooling systems. In the end, the waste water effluent consists of different kinds of chemicals, both organic and inorganic, which if released untreated, increases the level of arsenic compounds in the water bodies over time. Referring to the United Nations, industries are associated with the increase of solvents, toxic substances, heavy metals, and chemicals dumped into the water bodies among other wastes (2). People en d up using the water not knowing the content of dangerous compounds that exist. The water that comes into contact with such effluent automatically becomes unsafe for use. People are used to bathing in the beach and rivers thinking that the water is safe even for their swimming. Although people have an irresponsible behavior of urinating in the water, there are other invisible hazards identified in large water bodies where they go swimming. According to a sanitary and safety investigation, water bodies and especially in the beach, may portray presence of toxic contaminants, medical infectious waste, sewage, wastewater discharge, petroleum products, and floatable debris if measured (nyc.gov). Pollution from agricultural activities: Nowadays, farming makes use of chemicals in almost all stages of crops growth and livestock production. In USA, fertilizer and manure run off is the main issue in water pollution (UN 2). Animals are feed on manufactured products that are made using chemical s, cleaned in chemicals

Stereotypies: Antecedents and Consequences in Domestic Dog

Stereotypies: Antecedents and Consequences in Domestic Dog Stereotypies their antecedents and consequences in the domestic dog (Canis Familiaris) 1 Chapter 1: Introduction (2000 words) 1424 1.1 Repetitive Behaviours 2 The simplest behaviours are repetitive including normal play but this usually has a challenge, an example is avoiding cracks in the pavement (Williams and Hill, 2012). There are many kinds of repetitive behaviour, when learning a trick the behaviour is practiced until the whole trick is flawless. Many believe that the young play as a way of practicing the skills needed when adults; however research by Fagen (1981) and Smith (1982) found that â€Å"play is not practice†. 1.1.1 Normal behaviours Normal behaviour is essential to promote an animal’s psychological and physical homeostasis so the animal can interact with and modify its environment. One of the five freedoms used to assess animal welfare is the ability to express normal behaviours (FAWC, 2009). However, the definition of normal behaviours in human terms is relative to a person’s culture and age and may be related to an animal’s culture. Kilgour (2012) asserts the definition of normal behaviour is not straightforward; however, an ethogram of domestic animals nearest wild relatives gives some idea of an animal’s different behaviours and time budgets. Lindsay (2001:pp.40-42) provides a dog ethogram of ‘normal behaviours’. Daily activity for dogs and their owners tends to vary day to day but over the seven days affords a more constant estimate of activity (Dow et al., 2009) this indicates that many companion dogs’ activities tend to be routine. Stressed dogs frequently find grooming calming, if the stress is long term this can lead to over grooming causing hair loss and damage to the skin. 1.1.2 Abnormal behaviours Abnormal behaviours are those that are atypical of animal’s in the wild (Birkett and Newton-Fisher, 2011). Abnormal repetitive behaviours are unvarying and apparently functionless that can be readily interrupted, whereas for stereotypy the behaviour must be difficult to interrupt (Mason and Latham, 2004; Haverbeke et al., 2008) these can be either impulsive/compulsive or stereotypies (Garner, 2006). 1.1.3 Stereotypic behaviours Stereotypic behaviours are all repetitive unexplained behaviours but are not necessarily predictable (Bergeron et al., 2006). Repetitive stereotypic behaviours may be symptomatic of stress but may not necessarily be a problem (Rooney et al., 2009), in the dog this could be grooming to relieve stress and only becomes a problem if it results in hair loss or damage to the skin. 1.1.4 Stereotypies Many people understand the term stereotypy to indicate that an individual exhibits a problem behaviour. 1.1.5 The Evolutionary view of Stereotypy Japyassà º and Malange (2014) write that from the evolutionary view the term abnormal behaviour should be avoided, because phenotypic diversity in genes, morphology and behaviour are major forces driving evolution. Phenotypic diversity is important as enables an organism to adapt to new environments; those behaviours that seem abnormal now could become the new normal depending upon evolutionary selection. The apparent lack of function in behaviour is questionable as eventually some function may be determined, or help in coping with stress or a means of communication. The function of stereotypes may also be revealed in unexpectedly perhaps related to communication (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). 1.1.6 The Ethological and Animal Welfare view of Stereotypy The animal welfare view is that stereotypies are abnormal, functionless repetitive behaviours (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). look for another ref. The ethological view is that stereotypies are repetitive behaviours that are unchanging irrespective of the context (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). These views are drawn together by Mason (1991) defining stereotypy as repetitive, unvarying, uninterruptable behaviours with no apparent proximate or ultimate function. However, Rapp and Vollmer (2005) write that frequently stereotypic behaviours provides their own reinforcement and not social consequences. 1.1.7 What are Impulsive/Compulsive Behaviours Impulsive/compulsive repetitive behaviours are variable and have a goal directed; but the behaviour persists even after the achieving the goal or the goal becomes inappropriate (Garner, 2006). 1.1.8 Impulsive repetitive behaviours Impulsive repetitive behaviours are identified in humans with Tourette’s syndrome manifesting as complex tics, or as trichotillomania, hair plucking. 1.1.9 Difference between Impulsive/Compulsive Behaviours Clinically the distinction between impulsive and compulsive repetitive behaviours is important, however differentiating them is more complex in animals than in humans (Garner, 2006). 1.1.10 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Mills and Luescher (2006) state that stereotypy and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are hard to differentiate Eilam et al. (2012) add that OCD is a disabling condition affecting the sufferer’s quality of life. Ethology is the study of animal behaviour aiming to understand proximate and the ultimate causes of behaviours; the concept of the ethogram methodology is extended to the study of OCD behaviour (Eilam et al., 2012). Observations by Eilam et al. (2006) showed animals performing rigid behaviour sequences in specific locations, according to Kalueff et al. (2007) these are the spatiotemporal and locomotor characteristics of OCD. 1.1.11 What is the difference between OCB and stereotypy Chok and Koesler (2014) used functional analysis to assess the differences between stereotypy and obsessive compulsive behaviours (OCB) by identifying physiological states internal (heart rate) and external (defined by facial expression or vocalisations). Signs of pleasure were regarded as a measure positive reinforcement, hence stereotypy and of displeasure regarded as signs of OCB. 1.1.12 Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviours (OCB) Humans exhibiting obsessive-compulsive behaviours (OCB) are aware that these behaviours are irrational but are unable to resist their compulsion to continue to perform the behaviour. 1.2 Stereotypies and the environment 1.2.1 Maternal Deprivation Captive animals particularly in commercial environments but including companion animals are frequently removed from their mothers earlier than would occur in the wild (Latham and Mason, 2008). Maternal deprivation leads to an increase in the frequency and severity stereotypes these can be short term as with belly-nosing in piglets or can cause neural changes inducing later persistent stereotypes (Latham and Mason, 2008). The relationship between the animal’s stereotypic behaviour and the environmental deficit is not always clear. Wiedenmayer (1997) found that providing a substrate suitable for digging did not reduce stereotypies in gerbils but providing a tunnel system did. Digging was not the controlling motivation just means to achieve a burrow. 1.2.2 Stereotypy: Interdisciplinary Communication The term stereotypy has different uses in different research areas ethological, medical and animal welfare; there is not even an agreement about including lack of function or abnormality in the definition (Japyassà º and Malange, 2014). Edwards et al. (2012) asserts the lack of a consistent definition for stereotypies is insufficient for both academic and medical diagnostic purposes. 1.3 Stereotypies Behaviours 1.3.1 Ungulate stereotypies Ungulates are the most common mammal exhibiting stereotypy; many ungulate stereotypies tend to resemble species typical feeding and foraging behaviours (Bergeron et al., 2006). Examples of typical stereotypies for ungulates are given in Table 1. Cattle at pasture spend between 7 to 9 hours grazing and similar time ruminating; possibly herbivores have evolved to require a minimum feeding period each day (Redbo and Nordblad,1997). This could explain the number of oral stereotypies reported for animals fed on a concentrate food with restricted roughage as their time budget eating and ruminating is less that at pasture. Table 1: Examples of ungulate stereotypy 1.3.2 Carnivore stereotypies Some species of carnivores do well in captivity do not exhibit abnormal behaviours and breed successfully. While carnivores that have high activity levels and patrol large ranges have high levels of stereotypy. Vickery and Mason (2005) found carnivore stereotypies are mostly locomotory pacing and weaving, other reported stereotypies was some oral and head swaying. Clubb and Mason (2007) found the carnivore stereotypy levels are significantly predicted by their typical travel distances and natural home-range size. Perhaps some species are unsuitable for zoos and should be conserved in large areas that enable their natural behaviours. 1.4 Overall Research Aims 1.4.1 Relationship between breed type and stereotypy To try to measure the spread of different stereotypies across breed groups. It has been found that some breeds have their own particular set of stereotypes for example flack sucking in Doberman Pinchers (Houpt, 1992). 1.5 Outline Research Methods and Timescales 1.5.1 Research method A questionnaire will be used to measure the relationship between breed type and the stereotypy emitted. The survey was initially created using several survey software programs available online; many were restricted either the number of questions asked or the variety of question types was limited, or the resultant output file was not in a format readily converted for SPSS. Eventually Google Docs was selected and the survey created and was piloted on social media the resulting file of about 20 responses was downloaded in text format that could be readily input into a spreadsheet which then needs to be reformatted for input into SPSS for processing. The questionnaire included some questions that had open questions in the form of the ‘other’ option a free text input area. This was to allow flexibility and for respondents to feel empowered and encourage more accurate replies. This means these responses need interpreting and the formation of new categories or allocated to avai lable options for processing (Questionnaire, 2015). These questions are qualitative but once the responses have been interpreted in allocated to categories, the subsequent treatment of the data will be quantitative and analysed using quantitative statistical methods. The social environment shared by the domestic dog and their human companions unique and investigating the environment care must be taken not introduce bias by the questions asked. 1.5.2 Comparability of Responses 1.5.2.1 Outline Research Method 1 Timescales During May 2015 the survey was deployed in several different social media and forums across a number of interest groups including relating to dogs: trainers, problems, breed categories and general chat forums. The number of respondents stalled by June and further locations sort.

The Problems with Human Population Essay -- Carrying Capacity Humans G

The Problems with Human Population In Chapter III of The Origin of Species, Darwin writes: "Even slow-breeding man has doubled in twenty-five years, and at this rate, in a few thousand years, there would literally not be standing room for his progeny.† (Darwin 29) Three hundred years ago, the population was only at about 500 million, and during this time the population was at a slow increase. Another factor during this period of time was the birth and death rates were at much higher levels. Many babies were born, but many also died. â€Å"Living conditions were such that many of the remaining children failed to survive beyond the age of thirty.† (Black 84) The crisis of Over Population should not be a surprise to anyone, currently if you were to look at the world Pop clock, which is a counter supported by the U.S. Bureau of the Census you would find a number that has risen from 6,367,148,920. This is the amount of people on earth May 8, 2004 at 8:39:47 PM; this number is constantly rising at about 8 milli on people per month. At the present rate, the population will rise to a point that it will max out the earth’s carrying capacity leaving humans with a lack of resources and space. Soon people will have to learn to survive off artificial resources to substitute for the inability for agriculture to keep up. â€Å"In 1950 the population of the world was placed at roughly 2,400 million, the rate of growth of the world's population is greater than ever before in history, and the successive net additions, period by period, are breath-taking.† (Hertzler 9) In 1974 the United Nations held the World Population Conference at which it was determined that a solution for the crisis was needed, it was also decided that all countries would create a population policy that would attempt to help the countries deal with social, economic and cultural development. Although the United States has a large population problem to deal with of its own, underdeveloped countries hold 80 percent of the worlds population and are unable to provide methods of birth control, leaving people no choice other than abstinence. A question we are forced to ask ourselves is: Should we help fund family planning in third world countries, or should we leave them to fend for themselves when it comes to the issue of population control. Aside from third world and underdeveloped countries, modernized nations inc... ...ion Explosion and the Natural Environment." Our Crowded Planet, Essays on the Pressures of Population. Ed. Osborn, Fairfield. 1st ed. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962. 71-79. Darwin, Charles G. "The Law of Population Increase." Our Crowded Planet, Essays on the Pressures of Population. Ed. Osborn, Fairfield. 1st ed. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962. 29-35. Ehrlich, Paul R., and Anne H. Ehrlich. Ecoscience: Population, Resources, Environment. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1977. Hardaway, Robert M. Population, Law, and the Environment. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1994. Hertzler, J. O. The Crisis in World Population: A Sociological Examination, with Special Reference to the Underdeveloped Areas. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1956. Lee, Philip R. "The Development of Federal Policies Related to Population Problems." The 99th Hour: The Population Crisis in the United States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967. 84-94. Managing Planet Earth: Perspectives on Population, Ecology, and the Law. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1990. Sadik, Nafis. "World Population Continues to Rise." The Futurist Mar.-Apr. 1991: 9+. Questia. 11 May 2004.

Cathedral Essay

El Ikor Professor Ravita English 1102 February 21, 2013 Cathedral Essay Don’t judge a book by its cover. Judge not, lest ye be judged. Two’s company and three’s a crowd. These are all well- known cliches that Raymond Carver was able to incorporate into his short story Cathedral. These cliches were able to take form as the story’s theme. The narrator (Bub) had a noticeable and open prejudice towards blind people. Carver was able to grasp how a person with a physical disability is coddled by society instead of being treated like an equal being.Bub’s anxiety and lack of enthusiasm was apparent when his wife invited her blind friend, Robert over for a visit. In the text Bub stated that he was not looking forward to having a blind man in his home. Within the story the narrator shows his ignorance and lack of factual knowledge of blind people. The narrator needed a personal experience with a disabled person before being able to comprehend the degree of hi s ignorance. His experience with a blind man taught him more than he was expecting to learn. Bub was able to discard his pre conceptions of Robert through interaction and surveillance with and of him.There was not an open welcoming of Robert’s visit from the narrator. Bub’s displeasure for having a blind person in his home originated from uneducated and ignorant beliefs. He truly believed that blind people were never happy and always moved slow. In the story, the narrator is shocked that Robert is able to easily feed himself. Bub’s stereotypical thoughts are evidence of the first cliche, â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover. † In the text Bub stated that he’d seen movies of blind people but he never truly interacted with a blind person before. He was very judgmental of Robert before even meeting him.From the moment Robert arrived, the narrator began to realize that his pre conceptions of the blind were fallacies. Carver’s use of this cliche conveys one of the underlying themes in the story. Carver’s use of the second cliche â€Å"Judge not, lest ye be judged,’ is evident throughout the entire story. Not only did Bub pre judge Robert before meeting him, but also he pre judged all blind people by grouping them into one helpless category. Robert continued to surprise Bub with his normalcy and similarities. Bub assumed that Robert was going to be helpless and in need of constant care.His assumptions towards blind people were unwarranted and derived from a superabundant intake of television. The fact that something as simple as a beard on a blind man surprised him is evidence that Bub’s ignorance was out of control. Bub was not able to differentiate between fact and fiction therefore he judged without plausible cause. After just a short time with Robert, Bub understood that his previous judgments and assumptions were incorrect. Bub saw that Robert, a blind man, was not as helpless as television would convey him as. Bub’s anxiety about Robert’s visit stemmed from more than him being a blind man.Bub also felt uncomfortable with the relationship Robert had with his wife. Robert and the narrator’s wife were able to keep a healthy friendship for a decade without seeing each other. Bub and his wife’s relationship lacked communication. In the text it is apparent that the narrator and his wife have constant small tiffs with each other. Robert and Bub’s wife sent each other tapes for years telling stories and keeping touch. Carver used the cliche, â€Å"Two’s company and three is a crowd,† as another theme for the story. Robert did not want to feel like the third wheel in his own home.Bub was jealous of the relationship Robert and his wife shared. The fact that Robert was a blind man connecting with his wife on this level did not make Bub welcome him into his home any more. Carver’s insertions of these latent cliches were fun damental to the story and the growth of Robert’s mental character. All of the cliches ultimately incorporated into the theme of the story. The stories most pre dominant or all powerful cliche was most certainly don’t judge a book by its cover. The narrator was completely insensitive to having a blind man in his home because of his pre conceived ideas.Bub was able to discard his pre notions of Robert through interaction and surveillance. After spending time with a person that he had these predetermined judgments of, he was able to willing open his mind and see that he was wrong. Bub was able to see more similarities than differences a blind person has with himself. Bub is able to grasp the concept that Robert’s lack of sight does not define him as an individual. He was able to learn valuable lessons from Robert. The underlying cliches without a doubt played there role throughout the story to teach Bub these lessons.

Shadowlands †The Story Behind One of the Greatest Christian Authors †English Essay

Shadowlands – The Story Behind One of the Greatest Christian Authors – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Shadowlands The Story Behind One of the Greatest Christian Authors English Essay Shadowlands. – C. S. Lewis, the celebrated Oxford professor, fervent Christian and childrens author, meets Gresham, American divorcee, poetess and mother. She comes to England as a fan, seeking out the admired author. He is intrigued by the bright and impetuous American. They become friends and they have a marriage of convenience to satisfy some immigration difficulties for her but then she becomes ill with cancer and Lewis, realizing his love for her, marries her again, this time in a religious ceremony. They enjoy a couple of years of happiness and then she dies. But it is not as simple as this plot. The film describes and leads the viewer to one of the most important of life’s questions. Does our suffering mean anything? The question that everyone asks himself at the worst moments of his existence, when we tend to think that we were the last person that would suffer the misfortune of the death of our loved ones. It is due to our love for other people that we suffer when we are abandoned for one reason or another. Therefore, we should think that it is not only a matter of the pain what we suffer but also the period of happiness we live or have lived. These states of mind, spirit and soul have and will always go together or at least continuous, one after the other; and assuming this irrevocable truth we ought to ask ourselves if we prefer to lament the pain of loss or give thanks that it was you and not your beloved relative or friend who lived the loss of the other. We are here to live, to experience everything: hate and love, illness and health, life and death because if we never encounter the negative sides of the world we would never appreciate as much as we do now its positive face. Research Papers on Shadowlands - The Story Behind One of the Greatest Christian Authors - English EssayMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Chicano essays

Chicano essays In the film Bordertown (1950) there are many issues that are present from a Chicanos point of view. The misrepresentation of Chicanos can be seen from the very beginning to the very end of the film. The role of Johnny Ramirez, the protagonist of Bordertown (1950) was portrayed by the famous, but nonetheless Caucasian Paul Muni. This is an example of one of the problems emphatically brought up by Charles Ramirez Berg, regarding the male Chicano protagonist, they are portrayed by non-Chicanos, when a Chicano can be found to portray the role. This shows that audience could not see a very successful man without somehow relating his success to his actual ethnicity, Caucasian. This helps society cope with the ever changing melting-pot, which is our society in fact. Berg also states that the absence of a father in Chicano films, such as Bordertown (1950), is typical and quite disturbing. The father's absence in Chicano films is almost always unexplained so the character personality could never be complete because he does not have a role model. The son has no knowledge why he behaves the way he does or likes the things he likes, he is forever living an unsatisfied and sometimes troubled life. The most significant and troubling issue is stated by Berg as "the absence of the Chicana." The Chicana is never a major figure unless she is playing the role of a mother. The Chicana is seen as a mediocre part of life and is never given a role of power. Caucasian women are usually given the roles of power and assertiveness to portray a special type of women, while Chicanas are given roles as mothers, housekeepers, and girlfriends. ...

Decision Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Analysis - Essay Example In the United Kingdom it is sometimes awarded for an undergraduate student whose final year consists of higher-level courses and a major research project. This means that the college graduate will be a student for another 2-3 years with higher demands of learning and concentration. Thus, he shall be a step behind all his other supposed colleagues. There is an edge that he could play and it is that he is able to deduce a lot more information on the field but in terms of application, these could be very minimal as well. Statistics show that because of the global economic crisis, more and more students are putting off a College education. In the United States, at least 56% of the High School graduates prefer to seek for white-collared jobs to be able to pay off their living expenses rather than go to school and apply for a financial loan. They choose to begin their careers and working experiences so they could get a head start in their lives in terms of financial stability. If this much of the students do not make it to College, then it is but fair to conclude that employers do limit their requirements on the job description and settle for an Associate's degree when speaking of managerial positions. But as one progresses in his career, he shall realize even more the competition that he is facing and how much he has to strive to be someone companies are actually looking for. As for the second alternative, this fresh college graduate immediately decides not to go for any Master's Degree and just merely concentrate on his work experience and technically this will be his competitive tool. This would be a stronger tool if the graduate is able to maintain a good and reputable track record in his first company that shall enable him to rise above the ranks for either expand his horizons within or outside the company. He could also make sure that before he puts off the idea of getting a Master's degree, he has already focused on specific companies that he will be applying for and clearly know whether they put weight on Master's Degrees. The third alternative could be the most plausible idealism in this decision, however it could be the most time-consuming and most difficult one as well. Time management is off great essence in this particular alternative and sometimes there are companies who are very sensitive to this idea. There are job descriptions who require more than office hours to deliver expected results. Sales positions for instance do not have a working timeframe but they are on-call all week and sometimes all-night. Schedules are eratic for some most especially if you work for the boss directly since it is mandatory that you go by the schedule of your superiors. However, it is like hitting two birds with one stone but most likely there would come a time when he is to make his priorities straight and there would be instances when he will need to do one thing before the other or sometimes, he shall do his work over his school demands. This goes by saying that it is a human reaction to give priority to his work rather than his studies where he does not get immediate results. Unlike a job where one is required to deliver results in a month's time to be able to get his salary, most especially true for those on commission basis. Being able to deliver his utmost best in any of the departments will be most unlikely possible, therefore he will not be able to maximize his

Near Eastern and Egyptian Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Near Eastern and Egyptian Art - Essay Example Since God chose Moses, the Israelites complain and requests to Moses in order to get blessing and favor from God. The interactions in the passage reflect on the common faithful, priests and deities in a positive and negative manner. God trust and is confiding to Moses, but the common faithful people are not completely trusted by God as their attitude can change according to comfort and discomfort. The priests are people who praise and worship God to get favor. But God feel more obliged to innocent believer .when it is the question of deity Amun Re, it is regarded as the king of Gods and other gods are believed to be his manifestation. So the priests who worship Amun Re had secondary authority when compared to Moses. The formation of deity and rituals is only needed to fulfill the commands given to Moses in order to save the people of Israel. Here the construction of Amun re temple is made to maintain connection with the sun’s rays and position thorough the day. Here, the king Hammurabi also has a significant role to play as he was a person who employed justice and rights in ruling his people. He was also an ardent believer of god like Moses .However; Hammurabi believed and had faith in Shamash the sun god who is believed to be ultimate God by Egyptian civilization. Hammurabi, if like Moses had strong faith and belief in God he can get commandments and orders from Shaman for the prosperity and empowerment of his country. Moreover,The height of the stele refers to the high positioned throne of God, and shape of the stele denotes the universal structure of sky and space. Here the stele represents Hammurabi as a worshipper and devotee of Shaman, and his conversation with god over justice issue. The passages of Hebrew bible show that the people in Israel feared God but love towards him was not up to the mark of Moses. The Israelites where more inclined to religious rituals and ceremonies for