The Addie Model – Instructional Design and Example Lesson Plan

The ADDIE model is a generic process that is usually used by instructional designers and training developers. It offers instructional designers with a definite structure that ensures efficient instructional products.   ADDIE stands for its five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.These five phases are representations of a flexible and dynamic guideline for establishing effective training and support tools for performance. Each phase is represented by as a project output and a set of activities.   More so, each phase ends in a review, which forms a go or a no-go point to determine whether to proceed to the next phase or not.During the Analysis phase, the instructional problem is defined and the instructional goals are established.   More so, this is the phase where the learner’s present skills and knowledge and the learning environment is identified.   Some of the outputs and activities to be considered in the Analysis phase are as foll ows: §Ã‚   Clarify instructional problem and instructional objectives §Ã‚   Determine the audience and their characteristics §Ã‚   Identify the existing types of learning constraints §Ã‚   Identify the new behavioral outcome §Ã‚   Determine the delivery options §Ã‚   Determine the timeline to complete the projectIn the Design phase, the complete design of the learning solution is determined. This phase addresses the training methods (administered online or detailed storyboards with training program and course content illustrations).The Design phase considers the assessment tools, lesson planning, learning objectives, content, subject matter, media selection, and exercises.   Therefore, this phase entails a systematic and specific approach.   The following procedures are utilized in the Design phase: §Ã‚   Documentation of a project’s instructional, technical, and visual design strategy §Ã‚   Application of instructional strategies based on the intended beh avioral outcomes by domain (affective, cognitive, and psychomotor) §Ã‚   Designing the use interface and experience §Ã‚   Prototyping the creation §Ã‚   Application of visual or graphic designThe Development Phase of the ADDIE model involves the creation and assembly of the content assets, which were blueprinted in the Design phase.   Instructional designers and developers create storyboards, write the contents, and design the graphics in this phase.   The following activities are conducted during the Development phase: §Ã‚   Acquisition and/or creation of required media §Ã‚   Determining apt interactions through creativity, innovation, and exploration §Ã‚   Planning of activities that allows the construction of a supportive social environmentThe Implementation Phase involves the development of a training procedure for both learners and facilitators.   The training of facilitators should encompass the course content, learning outcomes, delivery methodologies, and p rocedures for testing.   On the other hand, learners should be trained on using new tools, which will be used in the learning process.   The Implementation phase usually involves only two activities: execute and maintain the learning solution.The last phase in the ADDIE model, which is the Evaluation phase, consists of two parts, the Formative and Summative evaluation.   The Formative evaluation is present throughout the entire ADDIE process while the Summative evaluation involves tests that are designed for criterion-related referenced items.   The Summative evaluation provides opportunities for feedback from learners.The ADDIE Model is a repetitive instructional design process in which the outcomes of the formative evaluation of each phase may prompt an instructional designer to go back to any previous phase.   The outcome of one phase determines the starting product of the next phase.ADDIE Model and Instructional PlanningInstructional Planning asserts that instruction s hould be data driven.   It is assumes that both learners and teachers should gain access to the expected results of a course.   The purpose of Instructional Planning is to acknowledge quality and aid in the enhancement and improvement of a course.Since an instructional plan presents individual instruction from teaching to learning, this is where the ADDIE model comes in; the ADDIE model provides a definite structure of the instructional plan.As the instructional plan serves as a communication tool between learners and teachers, the ADDIE model provides a step by step process of the instructional plan.   Each step in the instructional plan consists of outcomes from the ADDIE model that feed the next step in a specific sequence.   

Health Care Policy

The management would like to inform you that we will change our current healthcare provider starting next month. The initiation of this worthwhile step was in light with the organization’s realization of the cost benefits that will be retrieved from such step. According to the study conducted by the management, the necessity to shift to a new healthcare provider is great on the grounds that the net cost of the new health care provider is relatively low compared to our current partner. That advantage became one of the reasons why the management decided to take the said step. The management knows that you are very satisfied with the services and performance of the current healthcare provider. The management assures you that you will attain the same level of satisfaction in the future as we shift to our new healthcare service provider. The terms and agreement between the management and the future healthcare provider is almost the same with the current one only that our organization would cost less. The saving from this step can be utilized for the further expansion of the company and a better service to you as well as the rest of the employees. You can consult the management for the copy of the terms and agreement of the new healthcare provider. You can also discuss some unclear matter with us referring to the said agreement. In this regard, the management gives you a full guarantee that you will be gratified with this action and you will have no regrets after the initiation of the said step. The management hopes for your cooperation and the both of us will get pleasure from the benefits brought by this matter. Sincerely, [Signature of Supervisor and Title] References 4HB. Sample Business Letters, Retrieved September 11, 2007 from 4Hb.com. Website:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.4hb.com/letters/ UC Davis. Sample Letters to Employees, Retrieved September 11, 2007 from UC Davis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employee and labor Relations. Web site: http://www.hr.ucdavis.edu/Elr/Er/Samples Washington County. Sample Letter to Employees, Retrieved September 11, 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Washington County Department of Health and Human Services.    Health Care Policy The management would like to inform you that we will change our current healthcare provider starting next month. The initiation of this worthwhile step was in light with the organization’s realization of the cost benefits that will be retrieved from such step. According to the study conducted by the management, the necessity to shift to a new healthcare provider is great on the grounds that the net cost of the new health care provider is relatively low compared to our current partner. That advantage became one of the reasons why the management decided to take the said step. The management knows that you are very satisfied with the services and performance of the current healthcare provider. The management assures you that you will attain the same level of satisfaction in the future as we shift to our new healthcare service provider. The terms and agreement between the management and the future healthcare provider is almost the same with the current one only that our organization would cost less. The saving from this step can be utilized for the further expansion of the company and a better service to you as well as the rest of the employees. You can consult the management for the copy of the terms and agreement of the new healthcare provider. You can also discuss some unclear matter with us referring to the said agreement. In this regard, the management gives you a full guarantee that you will be gratified with this action and you will have no regrets after the initiation of the said step. The management hopes for your cooperation and the both of us will get pleasure from the benefits brought by this matter. Sincerely, [Signature of Supervisor and Title] References 4HB. Sample Business Letters, Retrieved September 11, 2007 from 4Hb.com. Website:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.4hb.com/letters/ UC Davis. Sample Letters to Employees, Retrieved September 11, 2007 from UC Davis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employee and labor Relations. Web site: http://www.hr.ucdavis.edu/Elr/Er/Samples Washington County. Sample Letter to Employees, Retrieved September 11, 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Washington County Department of Health and Human Services.   

Horror Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Horror Exam - Essay Example This ever-ubiquitous element of the Gothic style, is represented here by Vincent Price’s characters and the women in the movie. Price played the dual character of the warlock Joseph Curwen who was burn at stake by the villagers of Arkham and the warlock’s descendant Charles Dexter Ward who came to Arkham some 110 years later to take possession of Curwen’s castle which he inherited. As a warlock, Curwen can put a spell on any woman he desires to offer them as sacrifice to a creature he kept in his basement. His beautiful mistress Hester loyally assisted him in the sacrificial rites. Hester’s submissive, unquestioning and devoted loyalty to Curwen provides a stark contrast to Curwen’s dark, overpowering and totally evil aura. Similarly, the pretty young women Curwen inveigles to his castle to be made sacrificial lambs were made docile and almost lifeless by the hypnotic spell he cast upon them. In the second part of the film, the same character dynamic of the dominant male and submissive female is re-presented to the audience. Charles Dexter Ward, Curwen’s descendant comes to Arkham to take possession of his inheritance – Curwen’s castle. Without Ward’s knowledge, this event had been intentionally designed by Curwen’s two henchmen who wanted Curwen to possess the body of Ward, so that they could pursue their demonic plans of opening the door to the beyond and commune with the dark gods. Ward is accompanied by his young wife, the pretty Ann Ward. Ward’s character, although not dominating and commanding initially, changes once the warlock starts to take over his body, changing him into an evil, powerful and domineering character who pushed around the fragile, too-feminine and helpless Ann. Once again, the exaggerated masculinity of Price’s character provides a stark contrast to the likewise exaggerated femininity of Debra Page t’s Ann, who

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example Fourthly, the company works to enhance the quality of the products through offering different cuttings and also renders potential information to the consumers in regards to different product characteristics. Fifthly, the company conducts effective after sales service and, thus, helps the customer’s to contact through phone and mail. Sixthly, the order delivery time is well scheduled and also calls for refund within a period of one month if not satisfied with the quality of the diamond. (b) The company becomes able to render high quality diamonds and fine jewelry at seemingly competitive prices owing to the advantage of its potential supply chain system, the strategy involved in reducing the cost of operations and the mode of technology used. Inventory holding cost is reduced by the company with also the gaining of orders from the suppliers when the customer finally has made the order. This helps in reducing the ordering cost. Technology used in the diamond company is both trad itional and modern, coupled with outsourcing activities conducted. This helps in reducing the cost of operation and, thus, renders low cost diamonds to the customers. (c) The process of educating the consumers on the quality and features of the product helps the company in adequately maintaining effective customer relationship with the people. Thus, through this process the company can work in enhancing the brand awareness in the larger market and in highlighting on the parameters of transparency and trade ethics thereby helping in consumer retention (Thompson and Eastburn, 2010, p.127-130). Question #2 – Google (a) I certainly would have bought the stock of Google for the company reflects an appreciation in its stock level by 18 percent during 2004. The appreciation of its stock level also shows the mass appeal for the initial public offering of the company and gain the different parties to the stock ownership of Google also reflect significant gain in profits. Thus, it woul d not be a wrong decision in moving over to purchase the stocks of Google. (b) Definitely, Google is one of the important and influential companies of the early twenty first century in that the company is continuously innovating on its search engine features by introducing key elements like online books, maps, social networking features like orkut and other blogging sites. This introduction of new elements, thus, attracts large number of visitors to its site also surpassing You Tube by revenues worth $200 million during 2007. The search engine also renders commercial advantages through its Ad-word initiative, thus, covering every aspect of internet usage in the modern world. Again, Google also tends to enter the mobile technological interface through the use of Android technology helping users to use Google via their handsets. (c) The corporate culture of Google reflects a different culture from the other corporate firms operating in the United States. It is found that the work cult ure at Google rests on employee empowerment and an adequate teamwork environment where the people are not measured on the basis of their individual actions. People are encouraged to help in boosting the system of innovation in the company and in spending their time on operations rather than involved in long hour meetings. Dependence on the company on their employees’

Business, law, and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business, law, and ethics - Essay Example The first challenge that was experienced by the Company occurred when the Chief Executive Officer, Bernie Ebbers employed Sullivan who was later promoted to the post of a Chief Financial Officer. Sullivan apparently did not possess proper inter-personal skills and his appointment created irritations among the divisional managers. This was also confirmed by the occurrence of conflicting ideas between Sullivan and Sidgmore. The failure of the Company was later propagated by the series of law suits that were experienced when some of the customers complained for fraud and over-charging of the services offered by the Company. The Company had to pay fine in order to compensate these customers hence undergoing massive reduction of profits. Moreover, was blocked on its bid to acquire the shares of Sprint in the year 2000; this was blocked by the regulatory authorities (Justice Department) hence leading to a fall of the share price of the Company. Many people speculated that the World Com Company was at a brink of failing and soon could start selling its shares. Huge amounts of loans were also given to Bernie Ebbers that amounted to 341 million USD; an audit by an external Company also indicated that Ebbers had used some large amount of the Company’s money to perform his personal activities hence exposing the Company to a financial crisis. To begin with, it is evident that the World Com Company did not undertake frequent financial audit hence giving the accountants ample time to conduct fraud and embezzlement of funds; this should have been the first step undertaken to promote transparency in finance department. Auditing would have led to the determination of such problems at an early age hence leading to formulation of effective solutions. Additionally, it is apparent that the top management team, specifically, the Chief Executive

Hitlers Influence on World War II Research Paper

Hitlers Influence on World War II - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that World War II began in 1939 and lasted until 1945. It involved two opposing sides, the axis formed by the Germans and its supporters and the allied forces. The war broke out soon after Germany invaded Poland a neutral state that was under the protection of the British. It is accounted that Hitler motivated his soldiers on a personal level and that he watched from his special train, the progress of his army invading Poland (Roberts 26). The invasion prompted the UK and its allies to wage war on the Germans leading to the start of World War II. However, Hitler’s behavior on several occasions fueled the underlying tensions that later caused the eruption of the war. This paper outlines that Hitler was able to win Italy over to his side by supporting Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia. Germany was the major European country to offer their Support to Italy thus inducing her to drop her previous objections of Germany taking over Austria. In Italy, Germany found an ally together with whom they hoped to capture and subdue large tracts of eastern European land. Mussolini was Italy’s leader at the time and they collaborated to support the Fascist and authoritarian National forces against the Spanish Republic that was supported by the Soviets in the Spanish war of 1936. According to Giblin, Hitler found the Versailles treaty to be degrading and particularly the demilitarization of Rhineland. He also vehemently opposed its stipulation that Germany accept the responsibility of Causing World War I. He therefore disregarded the treaty and ordered for the remilitarization of Rhineland in order to support the Spanish War. It is said that both Germany and USSR supported the opposing sides of the war just so they could carry out tests on their warfare equipment and strategies. An alliance was formed between Germany and Italy that year named the Rome-Berlin Axis.  

Strategic managemnet of burger king Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic managemnet of burger king - Essay Example Between financial year 2009 and 2010, the company experienced net negative growth in its total revenues due to the negative 4 percent dip from it’s US and Canadian businesses. The EMEA region and Latin America had 8 and 10 percent positive revenue growth within the period (Burger King Holdings 2010). Not surprisingly, within this period it is the same EMEA and Latin America regions that had 44 new restaurants opened in contrast to 24 restaurants being shut in the US and Canada region. To mitigate this trend the corporation continued to invest in a U.S. and Canada re-imaging program, deployment of new restaurant equipment and developed innovative products. The company’s worldwide sales growth has been on a general downward slope from the third quarter of 2008 and moved into negative territory from the second quarter of 2009 to date (Burger King Holdings 2010). We shall use the rest of the paper in seeking to explain why Burger King has been experiencing a decline in reve nue especially in the US. The PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) factors have long being used to explain the macro environment of a business which has to be factored in the development of any corporate strategy. The political front has been favourable for the fast food industry in the US with no major legislations or regulations that would hinder growth of the industry taking place. We therefore rule this out of Burger King’s problems. In contrast, the economic environment has never been worse for major US corporations like Burger King. Costs are going up at the producer level but companies are unable to match this up with corresponding increase in prices because of the current high inflation and high unemployment i.e. economic recession. Burger King’s applied two strategies here. First it reduced its offering on its $1 menu by removing a slice of cheese and then raised the price of its double cheeseburger from

MGM465-0801A-05 Business Strategy - Phase 2 Individual Project Essay

MGM465-0801A-05 Business Strategy - Phase 2 Individual Project - Essay Example Due to non-availability of statistics from authoritative sources, it is not possible to map the progressive fluctuations in purchase activities of new and existing commercial premises. However, there is a progressive rise in the successive years in construction cost for commercial buildings. The number of new commercial buildings constructed from 2005 onwards is not available. However, the construction costs for construction of new private non-residential buildings for 2005 and 2006 were $256,644 million and $295,715 million respectively. The factors responsible for home improvement were preference for larger and more luxurious living spaces, significant number of homeowners opting for remodeling of kitchen and bathrooms, and in many cases new homeowners opting for home improvement within first two years of purchase. The total remodeling expenditure in USA in 2005 amounted to $280 billion of which $188 billion was for Home repairs and improvement. (Financing Guidebook for Energy Efficiency Program Sponsors, December 2007). It is necessary to improve efficiency by shaking up the top-level management. There cannot be tolerance for stagnant and loss-making centers, divisions and departments. Improve efficiency by working out a policy of rewarding good performance. Managers who do not perform must shape up or ship

Financial Ratio and the Gross Profit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Ratio and the Gross Profit - Assignment Example The ROCE is has decreased over the four years from 15.78% in 2010 to 11.63% in 2013; indicating that the company received fewer earnings for every unit of capital invested in the company in the recent years compared to the past years. However, it is above average in the industry in terms of utilization of assets to earn profits because its ROCE is more than the industry average of 8%. Generally, the company is doing well in terms of profitability. Inventory days decreased from 2011 to 2013, indicating that the number of days that inventory remains in the store has decreased; hence the company is managing its inventory successfully. Compared to the industry, the company is below average in the number of inventory days because the average industry average is 60 days. This shows that the company manages its inventory more effectively than most companies in the industry. Receivable days are also lower than the industry average indicating that the company collects its debts faster than most companies in the industry. Payable days are also lower than the industry average, showing that the company pays its credit faster than most companies in the industry. Debt/equity ratio decreased from 0.96 to 0.82 in 2013 indicating that the equity could pay total liabilities more times in 2012 than 2013 using its equity. This is a lower number of times compared to industry average, meaning that the company’s equity can pay off its liabilities faster than most companies in the industry (Sutton, 2004). The interest cover of decreased over the four years from 11.16 times in 2010 to 5.70 times in 2013; indicating that the company uses fewer debts to fund its total assets in the recent years. it is also below the industry average of 12 times; hence it uses less debt to fund its assets than most companies in  the industry.

Legal issues for business managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal issues for business managers - Essay Example The doctrine is of utmost importance where there has been a promise to perform an act in future. These are the type of contract that are said to be executory in nature. If there has been a mere promise to perform an act it would only be enforceable if is by way of a deed. (Mckendrick 2009). The definition of consideration was provided in the case of Currie v Misa1 which revolve around the concept of benefit being provided to the person who made the promise (the promisor), or a detriment to the person to whom the promise was made. Thus detriment or benefit as specified would suffice so as to make a promise enforceable. This definition has been problematic in instances where the contract is executory was a whole. However, the definition has been found to be confusing and as a result it has been said that in order to resolve the issue of consideration the mutuality in the agreement should be looked into and consideration evaluated thereupon. (Poole 2010). The first requisite of consideration is that it must be sufficient and need not be adequate, that is it is as a matter of fact considered by courts as being capable of being consideration. The adequacy is not considered because of the fact that the courts do not wish to interfere where the party merely entered into a bad bargain (Thomas v Thomas)2 this is what is known as the principle of ‘freedom of contract’ (Chappell v. Nestle)3. However, there have been time when it has been found that consideration which has no economic value will not be sufficient and thus will not suffice as consideration. (White v. Bluett)4 (Atiyah et al 2006) Existing obligation which arises due to operation of law and is not related to any contract that is no contract has been made for additional services is held not be enforceable as there is no consideration or to be more precise because of public policy

Theories of learning Essay Example for Free

Theories of learning Essay This assignment will address andragogy – a theory of learning. To do this it will focus on the specific areas of andragogy and compare them to other theories of learning. The theory of andragogy has been around for nearly two centuries and the findings are particularly linked to the work of Malcolm Knowles. The judgements will be related to the experiences of students in higher education. The theory of adult learning is a â€Å"dynamic area of research and theory building. † (Merriam, 2008 p2). Malcolm Knowles explains that â€Å"andragogy assumes that the point at which an individual achieves a self concept of essential self-direction is the point at which he psychologically becomes adult. † (As cited by Atherton J. S, 2005 p1). Knowles (1970) sees andragogy as a contrast to pedagogy (the teaching of children) which he says is a â€Å"teacher dominated form of education, long regarded as appropriate for children’s learning, and [andragogy] a learner-centred one, now viewed as particularly relevant for non-traditional adult learners. † (Bartle, 2008 p1). Knowles explains andragogy to be the â€Å"art and science of helping adults learn† (as cited by Bartle, 2008 p1). He also argues that â€Å"adults were self-directed, problem solving learners whose life experience constituted a significant learning resource. Thus instead of the traditional hierarchical relationship between the teacher and pupil, the adult learner participates fully in his or her education, influencing the curriculum and determining learning objectives. †(Bartle, 2008 p1) Knowles’ assumptions are based around five key facts: 1. Self-concept: as a person matures his concept moves from one of being a dependant personality toward one of being a self-directed human being 2. Experience: As a person matures he accumulates a growing reservoir of experience that becomes an increasing resource for learning. 3. Readiness to learn. As a person matures his readiness to learn becomes orientated increasingly to the developmental tasks of his social roles. 4. Orientation to learning. As a person matures his time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of application, and accordingly his orientation toward learning shifts from one of subject- centeredness to one of problem centredness. 5. Motivation to learn: As a person matures the motivation to learn is internal (Knowles 1984:12) (As cited by Smith M. K, 1996; 1999 p1) Each of these assumptions comes under considerable debate. His idea of self-concept implies that all adults move from dependant to self-directed learning and that they need to be responsible for their own decisions. Adults need to be treated as capable of self-direction (Smith M. K, 1996; 1999). Knowles believes that adults should participate in designing their own development tasks and the educator should help to focus on the goals and provide ideas, resources and feedback to guide towards progress (Knowles, 1970). The next point explains the belief that adults learn effectively through â€Å"experimental techniques of education such as discussions and problem solving† (as cited by Smith M. K, 1996; 1999 p3). Sometimes experimental learning in inappropriate, especially when large amounts of new information are necessary and the decision must be made as to what is being learnt before making judgements (Smith M K, 1969; 1999) It could be argued that different experiences could be bias and presumptuous. Knowles third assumption regarding readiness to learn emphasises the place at which the importance of study becomes clear to carry out a particular task. It could be interpreted as adults learn things that are useful rather than intriguing or interesting – do we not learn some things just for sheer pleasure? (Smith M.K, 1969; 1999). It has also been argued by Dewey (1993) that â€Å"literature on reflection (e. g. Boud et al 1985) would support the argument that age and amount of experience makes no educational difference† (cited by Smith M K, 1996;1999). If this is the case then Knowles assumptions on the difference between andragogy and pedagogy are queried. With regard to orientation to learning Knowles sees this as conditioned rather than natural learning (as cited by Smith M. K, 1996; 1999). He states that the educator should ensure the adults desire for growth and anticipated results are clear, personal and realistic. He also expresses that adults are goal orientated in their learning (Knowles 1970). In his final point Knowles (as cited by Bartle, 2008) suggests that as adults the motivation to learn becomes internal, enquiry based and directed by the learner. He also suggests that as adults the relationship between the educator and the learner is one of mutual responsibility where the educator is seen more as a guide or coach. The life experiences of the learner are respected by the educator who becomes â€Å"a colleague who contributes to the learner’s self-esteem and sense of accomplishment† (Knowles, cited by Bartle, 2008 p4). This creates a setting to help the adult realise their full potential and move towards fully independent learning. In comparison to angragogy the constructivist theory of learning, as suggested by Biggs (2003), focuses on the learners knowledge and their approach to learning, suggesting learning is not just about acquiring knowledge but â€Å"as we learn our conceptions of phenomena change and we see the world differently. The acquisition of information in itself does not bring about such a change, but the way we structure the information and think with it does. † (Biggs, 2003 p13) Angagogy relates to Higher Education students as it recognises the great amount of learning that takes place throughout life and in various non-academic settings with the adult learner taking control. Knowles suggests that â€Å"students should be empowered for self-education, determining course content and self evaluation† (Knowles as cited by Bartle, 2008 p4) and prominent adult educators maintain a student-centred classroom by encouraging a problem-solving curriculum inclusive of self-pacing, designed by students, and also offering the opportunity for risk taking. The educator continues to â€Å"raise student consciousness while acknowledging life experience, and building a democratic, flexible, and personally supportive climate. † (Bartle, 2008 p4). In this assignment I have looked at the main areas of andragogy – adult learners being self directed, ready to learn and intrinsically motivated. Andragogy has been compared to pedagogy and constructivism theories and the differences highlighted. The findings have been related to the experiences of students in higher education showing the educators role to remain meaningful but less instructive and the learners learning what they need to know in order to grow. Adult learning is an ever-expanding area of research and theory, challenging ideas and confronting the theories of learning. (1,050 words) Reference List Atherton, J (2005) Learning and teaching: Knowles’ andragogy; an angle on adult learning. [On-line] UK; available; file: //f:/Knowles’%20andragogy%20an%20angle%20on%20adult%20learning. mht Bartle, S (2008) Andragogy. EBSCO Research starters. EBSCO publishing Inc Biggs, J (2003) Teaching For Quality Learning at University. Second Edition. The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press. Knowles, M (1970) Modern Practice of Adult Education. Chicago: Follet. Merriam, S (2008) Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century. From http://www. interscience. wiley. com Smith, M. K (1996; 1999) â€Å"Andragogy†, the encyclopedia of informed education. http://www. infed. org/lifelonglearning/b-andra. htm Bibliography Brockbank, A and McGill, I (1998) Facilitating Reflective Learning in Higher Education. Buckingham: SHRE/Open University Press. Mortimore, P (1999) Understanding Pedagogy and its Impact on Adult Learning. London:Chapman. Payne, E (2000) Developing Essential Study Skills. London; prentice Hall.

Professional Resume Example Essay Example for Free

Professional Resume Example Essay MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PROFESSIONAL    Bringing 7 + Years of Professional Experience in Communications and Public Relations as Follows: Project Management Program Coordination Press Releases Newsletter Creation Brochure Creation Sales Marketing Strategic Planning Advertising Research Team Building Client Relations Customer Service Vendor Management Media Relations Event Planning Promotions Web Media Proofing PROFESSIONAL SKILLS ACCOMPLISHMENTS Recognized throughout career for in-depth knowledge of marketing, communications, public relations, and project management.   Solid organization and team building skills.   Adept at maximizing media opportunities by leveraging strategic planning skills for successful media events.       Public Relations Demonstrated expertise in public relations by coordinating adoption events and securing event locations throughout metro Detroit. Solicited businesses and corporations to host events. Scheduled volunteers, ordered retail equipment, and facilitated event promotions such as media alerts, press releases, web calendar, flyers, and print calendars. Created monthly Pet of the Week media schedule and determined talking points for Fox 2, WDIV Channel 4, WXYZ Channel 7, Magic 105.1 (WMGC), 93.1 DRQ (WDRQ) and 96.3 WDVD. Developed weekly Pet of the Week articles with local print and web media including Detroit Free Press, Detroit Free Press Community sections (Detroit, Rochester/Troy and Westland), and Detroit News, Channel 7 and 93.9. Served as Pet of the Week spokesperson for 93.1 and 96. Conducted event promotions for major fundraising, adoption, and third-party events including Meet Your Best Friend at the Zoo and Mutt March. Coordinated information booths at various events such as movie premiers and expos. Marketing Communications Developed marketing materials such as brochures, catalogs, flyers, invitations, advertisements, and email blasts. Coordinated vehicles for events, photo/TV shoots, and trade shows. Conducted creative reviews for micro-sites, posters, and flyers. Developed new product press releases, media alerts, email blasts, and web content. Served as main point of contact for clients, promoters, and sweepstakes vendors.   Facilitated registration, travel arrangements, and meeting itineraries. Created email correspondence regarding client relations and managed client databases. As Sales Promotion Coordinator, planned station events including Woodward Dream Cruise, Salvation Army Radiothon, Dick Purtan Golf Classic and Downriver Cruise. Created and designed sales packages, presentations, contracts, and sales pieces. Promoted to Sales Promotions Director for Smooth Jazz V98.7 WVMV-FM to assist in the reorganization and restructuring of the Promotions Department. As Marketing Coordinator, created internal and external corporate communications, advertising and marketing material. Conducted model calls and auditions for fashion shows. Administered research information, layout design, proofing procedures, and approval process for brochures, advertisements, sales flyers, deal sheets, and publications such as Nail Biz Magazine. PROFESSIONAL SKILLS ACCOMPLISHMENTS   (Continued) Project Management Managed and coordinated marketing projects for firm and clients demonstrating exceptional project management Managed the promotion approval process. Strategically planned projects and programs. Provided leadership to the copywriting, research, and proofing process for significant marketing projects. Quoted printing costs and promotional items. Directed fulfillment procedures for client projects. Coordinated Mobile Adoption Unit events and served as spokesperson. Responded to fan mail and website inquiries. WORK HISTORY Digitas, Detroit, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007 – Present Promotions Associate – GMC, Buick and Branded Entertainment PSI Advantage, Troy, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007 Project Manager    T.M. Shea Products, Inc., Troy, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006 2007 Marketing Coordinator / Sales Assistant    Michigan Humane Society, Southfield, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2004 2006 Promotions Coordinator (2004-2006) Mobile Adoption Unit Coordinator (2004) Infinity Broadcasting, Ferndale, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2003 2004 Sales Promotions Coordinator – Oldies 104.3 WOMC The Nailco Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2002 2003 Marketing Coordinator Brogan Partners Convergence Marketing, Detroit, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001 2002 Public Relations Account Coordinator (Internship) Marketing Associates, Inc., Bloomfield Hills, Michigan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001 2002 Project Administrator (Internship) COMPUTER PROFICIENCIES Word  ¨ Excel  ¨ PowerPoint  ¨ Outlook  ¨ Publisher Bacons MediaSource  ¨ Customer Service Databases EDUCATION Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan Bachelor of Arts in Public Relations, 2002 Member of Golden Key National Honor Society Member of the Public Relations Student Society of America

Economic Value Added And Shareholder Value Added Accounting Essay

Economic Value Added And Shareholder Value Added Accounting Essay Agrawal (2007) defines shareholder value added (SVA) as the term used for the difference between the wealth held by the shareholders at the end of a given year and the wealth they held the previous year. In other words, SVA is the estimated future cash flows that are discounted to present value to calculate the value of the firm continuously. Measuring the current performance is based on comparing these cash flow estimates and periods real cash flow (Rappaport, 1986). Therefore, SVA represents the economic profits generated by a business above the minimum return required by all providers of capital. Value term is added when the overall net economic cash flow of the business exceeds the economic cost of all the capital employed to produce the operating profit. Hence, SVA integrates financial statements of the business (profit and loss, balance sheet and cash flow) into one meaningful measure. Economic Value Added (EVA) is best explained by Drucker (1998) as, EVA is based upon something we have known for a long time: What we call profits, the money left to service equity, is usually not profit at all. Until a business returns a profit that is greater than its cost of capital, it operates at a loss. In other words, EVA is a measure that tells what has happened to the wealth of shareholders. Accordingly, earning a return greater than the cost of capital increases value of a company, and earning less destroys the value. EVA is calculated as the excess of net operating profit over the cost of capital including cost of equity. EVA is the mostly encountered index of measuring economic profit. It is an index of measuring internal and external performance of companies being introduced by Stern Steward American consulting firm. EVA index is relevant in quantifying the capacity of a company of creating value for capital suppliers; capital cost represents the index of the average efficiency expected by investors under similar risk circumstances. Return on Capital Employed There are many definitions for the return on capital employed (ROCE), but the widely-used definition, as evidenced by the fact that it is the standard measure produced by DATASTREAM and Standard Poors Compustat Service is ROCE equals to EBIT over capital employed. It is measured by comparing the profits made by the firm with the capital used in making the profit and set as a percentage or fraction. Hence, ROCE measures the efficiency of management in the application or use of the organizations funds or resources in a given financial period Value Based Management According to Coca-Colas A Guide to Implementing Value-Based Management, 1997, VBM is defined as a set of principles that allows us to manage value at all levels of our business. Value creation becomes not just our companys mission, it becomes the philosophy we work with daily. It becomes the framework for everything we do. VBM measures are generally based on comparison between (a) corporate market value corporate accounting book value and/or (b) on the residual income measure. VBM provides an integrated management strategy and financial control system designed to mitigate agency conflicts and increase shareholder value. VBM systems attempt to accomplish this goal by providing managers with a set of decision-making tools (metrics) that can identify which alternatives create or destroy value, and often by linking compensation and promotions to shareholder value. VBM provide a mechanism for linking managers decisions to firm performance outcomes that create shareholder value and provide a means to further align shareholder and managerial interests. Blue Ocean Strategy Blue ocean strategy (BOS) is a set of ideas encompassing tools and methodologies to help companies gain a competitive edge by creating uncontested market space or Blue Oceans. It is based on the view that market boundaries and industry structure are not given and can be reconstructed by the actions and beliefs of industry players. W. Chan Kim and Rene Mauborgne, called this as the reconstructionist view. Blue ocean strategies reconstruct market boundaries, thereby freeing companies from head-to-head competition and instead opening new market space to achieve a leap in value for both buyers and for themselves. Identifying a potentially successful strategic move does not require any special capacities, vision or foresight about the future. All new insights come through looking at familiar data from a new perspective. Blue ocean strategy integrates the range of a firms functional and operational activities. In this sense, blue ocean strategy is more than innovation. It is about strategy that embraces the entire system of a companys activities. METHODOLOGIES Shareholder Value Added The SVA methodology is an approach to assist management in the decision making process. Its applications include performance monitoring, capital budgeting, output pricing and market valuation of the entity. SVA = (Present value of cash flow from operations during the forecast period + residual value + marketable securities) Debt. The net of the present value of cash flow and the opportunity cost associated with the firms capital is a measure of the surplus or additional value provided to the shareholders as a result of the firms activities. This formula is expressed in dollar terms for a period Economic Value Added The EVA methodology can be applied to create wealth for the owners of businesses from all levels or size of the firms. It is a performance measurement which directly links strategy to value and is therefore the key to wealth creation. EVA = Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT) (Capital*WACC) NOPAT is an operating performance measure after taking account of taxation, but before any financing costs. Interest is totally excluded from NOPAT as it appears implicitly in the capital charge. Capital costs include both the cost of debt finance and the cost of equity finance. The cost of these sources of finance is reflected by the return required by the funds provider. This capital cost is referred to as the Weighted Average Cost of Capital Economic Value Added will increase if: New capital is invested and it earns more than the cost of capital. Capital is divested from the business if it does not cover the cost of capital. NOPAT increases without increasing the capital employed. Return on Capital Employed The ROCE methodology indicates how well the management has used the investment made by owners and creditors into the business. It is commonly used as a basis for various managerial decisions. ROCE = EBIT/ (Total Assets Current Liabilities) The ROCE ratio can be found for a number of years so as to find a trend as to whether the profitability of the company is improving or otherwise. Value Based Management VBM methodology provides an integrated framework for making strategic and operating decisions. By aligning internal business processes, strategies, and corporate governance and investor communications, VBM provide a common discipline, a consistent culture, and a singular focus on value for all business activities. There are many ways to measure and implement VBM in the business. Four approaches have been widely used in practice. One is fundamental value analysis (FVA). Two is returns to shareholder (RTS). Three is economic profit. Four is the relationship between the market value of the firms financial instruments and the book value of the firms operating assets (MVA, the q- ratio, and the market-to-book ratio). Planning and control analyses of the structure of income, costs, and investments are also employed in implementing the four approaches. In implementation, each approach to value based management (VBM) starts with strategic planning processes, ties performance to incentive compensation, requires top management involvement, as well as information and training programs for employees. The four approaches to VBM also take into account other stakeholders such as employees, consumers and community. VBM must also evaluate changing economic, cultural, and political environments. The strategic planning process analyzes long term trends, cyclical economic changes, competitive forces, and effective development of managerial capabilities and other resources. Blue Ocean Strategy To create a blue ocean market, there are several frameworks and tools to be applied in the business. First approach is the strategy canvas which is both a diagnostic and an action framework for building a compelling blue ocean strategy. It serves two purposes. First, it captures the current state of play in the known market space. This allows managers to understand where the competition is currently investing; the factors the industry currently competes on in products, service, and delivery; and what customers receive from the existing competitive offerings on the market. Second approach is the Four Actions Framework which is the value innovation analysis. This approach asks four key questions to challenge an industrys strategic logic and business model. The first question forces a company to consider eliminating factors that company in an industry have long competed on. The second question forces a company to determine whether products or services have been over-designed in the race to match and beat the competition. The third question pushes a company to uncover and eliminate the compromises an industry forces customer to make. The fourth question helps a company to discover entirely new sources of value for buyers and to create new demand and shift the strategic pricing of the industry. All the four questions allow a company to systematically explore how it can reconstruct buyer value elements across alternative industries to offer buyers an entirely new experience, while simultaneously keeping its cost structure low. Third approach is the Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid. The grid pushes companies not only to ask all four questions in the four actions framework but also to act on all four to create a new value curve. By driving companies to fill in the grid with the actions of eliminating and reducing as well as raising and creating, the grid gives companies four immediate benefits; it pushes them to simultaneously pursue differentiation and low costs to break the value/cost trade-off, immediately flags companies that are focused only on raising and creating and thereby lifting their cost structure and often over-engineering products and service, is easily understood by managers at any level, creating a high level of engagement in its application and because completing the grid is a challenging task, it drives companies to robustly scrutinize every factor the industry competes on, making them discover the range of implicit assumptions they make unconsciously in competing. APPLICATIONS AND PRACTICES BY CORPORATE ENTITIES Shareholder Value Added The use of SVA gives an insight into the investment performance of the business by clearly identifying the opportunity cost of the investment, being the cost of capital, and comparing this to the return generated from the business. SVA can be applied to all the segments within a firm. Accordingly, it is primarily used by managers to evaluate the performance of divisions or branches. Practices AFS Consulting (2004) did a research on SVA performance with the Malaysian Banking Industry. The result shows that Maybank Berhad (MBB) and Hong Leong Bank Berhad (HLBB) emerge as banking institutions that create the best shareholder wealth or value among the local banks. While MBB and HLBB have enormous potential to be the leading domestic bank competing with foreign banks, both banks are still lagging behind in shareholder value creation compared to the incumbent foreign banks, which operate in a highly restrictive and controlled environment. Economic Value Added EVA can be used for the purposes like setting the organizational goals, performance measurement, determining bonuses, communication with shareholders and investors, motivation of managers, capital budgeting, corporate valuation and analyzing equity securities. Practices The study done by Issham Ismail on the performance of GLCs (Government-Linked Companies) and non-GLCs in Malaysia using EVA found that the outcomes of the study indicate a negative relationship between the size of the companies and the EVA values. The larger companies tend to have lower EVA values. In Malaysia, the GLCs are generally larger in size as compared to non-GLCS. Therefore, companies with government as their stakeholders tend to exhibit lower EVA scores than the companies without government stakeholders. It is believed that the Malaysian government prefers investing in public amenities companies to protect public interest, evidenced by their active role in Telekom, POS and TNB. These types of companies do not have higher value than their competitors, where the competitors are usually profit-oriented organization. This outcome further emphasizes that companies that have both the characteristics, large sized and government-linked, tend to have lower EVA values. It also leads to findings that an expansion of size government holding companies tends to increase the cost of capital in greater proportion to the any returns it generates. Return on Capital Employed ROCE is used to prove the value the business gains from its assets and liabilities, a business which owns lots of land but has little profit will have a smaller ROCE to a business which owns little land but makes the same profit. It basically can be used to show how much a business is gaining for its assets, or how much it is losing for its liabilities. Practices Norman Kahl and Jawad Shaikh (2003) analyzed ROCE trends over time for twelve major telecommunication service providers. The sample size represents nearly two-thirds of the US and nearly three-quarters of the Western European telecom services market. The result shows a significant regional difference exist, with ROCE at around 9% in the US and -8% in Europe. The negative European ROCE can only partially be explained by the enormous write-offs made in 2001 and 2002. Other finding is that past and present initiatives of the industry have mainly focused on revenue generation and operational efficiency; but less focus on asset utilization. This shows that by consistently leveraging all three drivers of ROCE (revenue generation, operational efficiency, and asset management), companies are able to get back on track and may even gain a sustainable leap versus their competitors. Value Based Management VBM emphasizes long-term cash flows analysis and risk analysis in all aspects of managerial decision making, such as evaluating individual projects and determining the economic value of the overall strategy of the business. The VBM approach is ultimately aimed at the goal of structuring and managing a company in a way that will create more value for its owners. Bromwich (1998) observes the need for measuring tools, applicable to different organizational levels, such as corporate and business unit level, while Ottoson and Weissenrieder (1996) emphasize the need for measurement systems that can be used for internal and external communication. Practices Harley E. Ryan, Jr. and Emery A. Trahan (2007) examine the performance of 84 firms that adopt value-based management (VBM) systems during the period 1984-1997. The result shows that the typical firm significantly improves residual income after adopting VBM. This improvement persists for the five post adoption years studied. They also found a negative relation between tying compensation to VBM and post-adoption performance. Furthermore, firms reduce capital expenditures following VBM adoption, but that the reductions in spending do not differ based on the firms growth opportunities. Overall, the evidence suggests that VBM improves economic performance and the efficient use of capital. Blue Ocean Strategy The frameworks and tools introduced by Kim and Renee (2006) are essential analytics that can be applied to allow companies to break from the competition and open up blue oceans of uncontested market space. Practices According to The Star Online dated July 16, 2007 titled Blue Ocean Strategy for Corporate Malaysia, Harvard Business School Professor D. Quinn Mills, states that there were many companies worldwide that are adopting BOS either knowingly or unknowingly. In addition, companies that know how to apply BOS to access a bigger market would reap significant benefits in terms of earnings. On questions regarding the Malaysian companies adopting BOS, he said: We believe the strategy is still fairly new to local companies. However, it is likely that many CEOs are aware of BOS but have yet to fully understand and apply the strategy to their companies. He also cited Air Asia as an example of a successful company that had identified a Blue Ocean and created a business model to capture and untapped and un-served market in the travel industry. Mills also said BOS was especially important for a country like Malaysia with a small population and market.

The Jersey Shore’s Mad Fame Essay -- Television Reality TV

It is evident that MTV’s The Jersey Shore is playing on the television when one hears the pervasive lyrics of the opening credits. The song, Get Crazy by LMFAO, portrays exactly what the show stands for, stupidity. A verse of the song states, â€Å"I got the goose alright ok, I'm feelin’ loose alright ok, she love the beat alright ok, we love them D's†. The â€Å"D’s† stated in the song refer to the size of a woman’s breasts. The song continues to discuss matters such as drinking, partying at clubs, women as â€Å"whores,† and the continued reference to women’s breasts. The opening song of a show usually invites the viewer in and presents a general concept of what a specific show is about. The Jersey Shore, a show mostly known because of its infamous characters, presents a different perspective on life, as the show follows eight young adults and their life of partying, drinking, sex, and idiotic views on life. Their carelessnes s has influenced viewers, especially the younger population, to follow their footsteps and live carefree lives by turning to alcohol, parties, and sex as escapes. Not only do they embarrass the younger population (mostly ages 17-27), but degrade women as well by portraying them to be â€Å"easy† and by being judged exclusively by their looks. These issues do have a solution though. One way my peers and I can address this problem is by not encouraging the ratings of these shows by not watching them and rather doing something productive with our time. Since these shows are generally watched by young adults and intended for them as well, another way my peers and I can address this problem is by requesting media companies to produce real shows with real people instead of shows that portray shocking views of young adults. Issues pr... ...n as a Model for Social Network Site Behavior." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 54.3 (2010): 508- 525. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. This study, also conducted by the Journal of Broadcasting, focuses on the effects reality based television programs have on the social networking behavior of people, primarily younger viewers. The study dedicates one section to how the behavior of a particular age group correlates directly with the type of reality shows they watch. Reality television programs, according to the study, portray nonprofessional actors as ordinary and regular people. People therefore confuse the behavior of these â€Å"actors† as normal and ordinary behavior. Behavior shown in the Jersey Shore can be easily misinterpreted as behavior of ordinary people and can induce people to do the same.

Essay --

As children growing up, we tend to imitate and aspire to be like the people we look up to. Looking back at my childhood, my passion for teaching and working with children comes as no surprise. When I was in 5th grade a young boy my age was as others stated to be "different." Teaching him, reading to him on the bus, and just always wanting to get to know him made me realize how much I would like to do this professionally. Seeing how the grown ups interacted, and was so effective with children really amused me. I had been surrounded by children my whole life, and as I got older, I would try my best to lend a hand and help all the other children that has disablities. After my first experience in a school, I grew fond of working with students in a classroom setting. I began looking up teacher development workshops, and graduate courses to expand my knowledge about what possibly would happen if I went into the special education feild, in order to support and apply while teaching at the t ime. After becoming familiar with the different realms of education I became aware of a few things. I ...

White Shark :: essays research papers

This book is about a man shark that was created during World War two. The man shark was an experiment by the Russians for war. The Russians were transporting it in a u-boat the u-boat was shot and sank by enemy airplanes. The U boat plunged down to the sea floor thousands of feet below sea level .In 1996 two Submersibles went down on a documentary for national geographic. They discovered a brass box that looked like a coffin but It was too ling to be a coffin the rectangular shaped box was about 9 feet long and 3 feet wide. They finally decided to take it to the surface to find out what was in the coffin looking box. When the box was aboard the ship there was a curious crewmember that had wanted to see what was inside the box. The man thought it wouldn’t harm anybody so he lifted the cover a bit and out of the darkness of the box sprang a man shark with metal claws and metal teeth. The creature took the man to the bottom and fed on its kill. The man shark found its way to a p lace called waterboro there it had killed people and sea creatures. Then it had found its way to land and killed a bunch more people and animals. On an island there was an institute for marine life but mainly white sharks. It was mainly by a man named chase he studied the man shark. And then finally the shark man came on the island and tried to kill chase but chase tricked the man shark into going into an air compression chamber. There he turned up the pressure and boom! The man shark exploded into bits. The main character of White shark is chase Simon he is about 5 feet 6 inches tall he has dark hair and he is pretty strong he is about in his twenties. He is a nice person that loved animals especially white sharks and he is also smart brave and nice The main character traits for chase are that he is determined and brave. I choose determined because he was very interested in white sharks so he was determined to learn about them and find out new things about them and why they do things. Chase is brave because he was swimming with great whites and he also killed the man shark and he was the only one that did it.

Deception Point Page 36

â€Å"Jesus Christ!† Norah shook the device and looked again. â€Å"Damn it! Something's got to be wrong with this refractometer!† â€Å"Saltwater?† Corky gloated. Norah frowned. â€Å"Partial. It's registering three percent brine-which is totally impossible. This glacier is a snow pack. Pure freshwater. There should be no salt.† Norah carried the sample to a nearby microscope and examined it. She groaned. â€Å"Plankton?† Tolland asked. â€Å"G. polyhedra,† she replied, her voice now sedate. â€Å"It's one of the planktons we glaciologists commonly see in the oceans under ice shelves.† She glanced over at Tolland. â€Å"They're dead now. Obviously they didn't survive long in a three percent saltwater environment.† The four of them stood in silence a moment beside the deep shaft. Rachel wondered what the ramifications of this paradox were for the overall discovery. The dilemma appeared minor when compared to the overall scope of the meteorite, and yet, as an intel analyst, Rachel had witnessed the collapse of entire theories based on smaller snags than this. â€Å"What's going on over here?† The voice was a low rumble. Everyone looked up. The bearish frame of the NASA administrator emerged from the dark. â€Å"Minor quandary with the water in the shaft,† Tolland said. â€Å"We're trying to sort it out.† Corky sounded almost gleeful. â€Å"Norah's ice data is screwed.† â€Å"Bite me twice,† Norah whispered. The administrator approached, his furry eyebrows lowering. â€Å"What's wrong with the ice data.† Tolland heaved an uncertain sigh. â€Å"We're showing a three percent saltwater mix in the meteorite shaft, which contradicts the glaciology report that the meteorite was encased in a pristine freshwater glacier.† He paused. â€Å"There's also plankton present.† Ekstrom looked almost angry. â€Å"Obviously that's impossible. There are no fissures in this glacier. The PODS scans confirmed that. This meteorite was sealed in a solid matrix of ice.† Rachel knew Ekstrom was correct. According to NASA's density scans, the ice sheet was rock solid. Hundreds of feet of frozen glacier on all sides of the meteorite. No cracks. And yet as Rachel imagined how density scans were taken, a strange thought occurred to her†¦ â€Å"In addition,† Ekstrom was saying, â€Å"Dr. Mangor's core samples confirmed the solidity of the glacier.† â€Å"Exactly!† Norah said, tossing the refractometer on a desk. â€Å"Double corroboration. No fault lines in the ice. Which leaves us no explanation whatsoever for the salt and plankton.† â€Å"Actually,† Rachel said, the boldness of her voice surprising even herself. â€Å"There is another possibility.† The brainstorm had hit her from the most unlikely of memories. Everyone was looking at her now, their skepticism obvious. Rachel smiled. â€Å"There's a perfectly sound rationale for the presence of salt and plankton.† She gave Tolland a wry look. â€Å"And frankly, Mike, I'm surprised it didn't occur to you.† 42 â€Å"Plankton frozen in the glacier?† Corky Marlinson sounded not at all sold on Rachel's explanation. â€Å"Not to rain on your parade, but usually when things freeze they die. These little buggers were flashing us, remember?† â€Å"Actually,† Tolland said, giving Rachel an impressed look, â€Å"she may have a point. There are a number of species that enter suspended animation when their environment requires it. I did an episode on that phenomenon once.† Rachel nodded. â€Å"You showed northern pike that got frozen in lakes and had to wait until the thaw to swim away. You also talked about micro-organisms called ‘waterbears' that became totally dehydrated in the desert, remained that way for decades, and then reinflated when rains returned.† Tolland chuckled. â€Å"So you really do watch my show?† Rachel gave a slightly embarrassed shrug. â€Å"What's your point, Ms. Sexton?† Norah demanded. â€Å"Her point,† Tolland said, â€Å"which should have dawned on me earlier, is that one of the species I mentioned on that program was a kind of plankton that gets frozen in the polar ice cap every winter, hibernates inside the ice, and then swims away every summer when the ice cap thins.† Tolland paused. â€Å"Granted the species I featured on the show was not the bioluminescent species we saw here, but maybe the same thing happened.† â€Å"Frozen plankton,† Rachel continued, excited to have Michael Tolland so enthusiastic about her idea, â€Å"could explain everything we're seeing here. At some point in the past, fissures could have opened in this glacier, filled with plankton-rich saltwater, and then refroze. What if there were frozen pockets of saltwater in this glacier? Frozen saltwater containing frozen plankton? Imagine if while you were raising the heated meteorite through the ice, it passed through a frozen saltwater pocket. The saltwater ice would have melted, releasing the plankton from hibernation, and giving us a small percentage of salt mixed in the freshwater.† â€Å"Oh, for the love of God!† Norah exclaimed with a hostile groan. â€Å"Suddenly everyone's a glaciologist!† Corky also looked skeptical. â€Å"But wouldn't PODS have spotted any brine ice pockets when it did its density scans? After all, brine ice and freshwater ice have different densities.† â€Å"Barely different,† Rachel said. â€Å"Four percent is a substantial difference,† Norah challenged. â€Å"Yes, in a lab,† Rachel replied. â€Å"But PODS takes its measurements from 120 miles up in space. Its computers were designed to differentiate between the obvious-ice and slush, granite and limestone.† She turned to the administrator. â€Å"Am I right to assume that when PODS measures densities from space, it probably lacks the resolution to distinguish brine ice from fresh ice?† The administrator nodded. â€Å"Correct. A four percent differential is below PODS's tolerance threshold. The satellite would see brine ice and fresh ice as identical.† Tolland now looked intrigued. â€Å"This would also explain the static water level in the shaft.† He looked at Norah. â€Å"You said the plankton species you saw in the extraction shaft was called-â€Å" â€Å"G. polyhedra, Norah declared. â€Å"And now you're wondering if G. polyhedra is capable of hibernating inside the ice? You'll be pleased to know the answer is yes. Absolutely. G. polyhedra is found in droves around ice shelves, it bioluminesces, and it can hibernate inside the ice. Any other questions?† Everyone exchanged looks. From Norah's tone, there was obviously some sort of â€Å"but†-and yet it seemed she had just confirmed Rachel's theory. â€Å"So,† Tolland ventured, â€Å"you're saying it's possible, right? This theory makes sense?† â€Å"Sure,† Norah said, â€Å"if you're totally retarded.† Rachel glared. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† Norah Mangor locked stares with Rachel. â€Å"I imagine in your business, a little bit of knowledge is a dangerous thing? Well, trust me when I tell you that the same holds true for glaciology.† Norah's eyes shifted now, looking at each of the four people around her. â€Å"Let me clarify this for everyone once and for all. The frozen brine pockets that Ms. Sexton has proposed do occur. They are what glaciologists call interstices. Interstices, however, form not as pockets of saltwater but rather as highly branched networks of brine ice whose tendrils are as wide as a human hair. That meteorite would have had to pass through one hell of a dense series of interstices to release enough saltwater to create a three percent mixture in a pool that deep.†

How Do I Love They

A subscriberss initiatory scheme at Elizabeth Barret Brownings verse. How I savor thee would be that it is a mania meter. This assumption is emend as a have it away poesy is a lyric, i. e. an reflectivity of spots, and thoughts by a speaker in a personal and subjective fashion. In this poem literary devices and language potently social occasiond to assist the indorser is the correct comprehension of the theme of the work. In this poem the theme is fuck. This theme is approached with a interrogatory, How do I love thee? This abrupt question is rhetorical.Let me count the ways, The author is non going to literally count the name of ways that she loved this person, but she is attempting to coif love, and her love for the other for the other person. The following(a) few folds are descriptive. The author attempts and obviously effectually explains the love that she feels. From the authors words endorsers bathroom see that this love is real, and not an infactua tion. by bug out the poem Elizabeth uses examples to explain her love, she tries to symbolize her love with life happenings.I love they with the passion put to use In my old griefs. At the conclusion of the poem Browning says I shall love thee accuse better by and by death. From the tone of this marge it sounds as though she conceptualises that some how she has failed in her demonstration of love and promises to exhibition of her emotion greater after their death. Two of the literary devices used in this poem are point of find, and commentary. In this poem the point of view used is first person. This allows the reader to hear and feel the passion poem as directly and originally intend by the author.Through out the stallion poem Browning is directly is directly telling her inner most feeling for another. It is not an observer telling how they think that she individual feels. The effective use of this literary device better helps readers relation to and interpretation of the poem. some other literary device used is description. This device is powerfully used in the poem from annotation two onwards. Though the lady is on the face of it unsuccessful in describing the love, description is thus far a major factor. I love thee freely. As men strive for right.This description reveals that she loves him as strong as a person would struggle or stir up for his or her beliefs. In essense she is a sick person of her love for him. Language is another historic element in the poem. Elizabeths scientific discipline with punctuation is this is evident though out her work. She has effectively used punctuation with out her poem to greatly guardianship the reader in their comprehending, I love thee to the depth and breath and height My spirit can reach, when feeling out of visual sense For the ends of being an ideal grace.The pause after reach is pertinent to the true center of the quote, a use of a stream at that same spot would diverge the meaning of the poem to be the limits that her sense can reach at anytime collect to any emotion. Whereas with the pause it reads the limits of her soul when she feels useless. Another example of punctuation is in the first line of the poem How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. The use of the question marks slightly throws the reader off.At this point the reader cannot fuck whether this is a rhetorical question. The opening line might seem to be and impracticable or stupid attempt to define the concept of love, but the next sentences settles the mind, as readers see its an out flashy thought which she answers. Conclusively Elizabeth Barrett Browning,s poem is an effective use of the literary devices point of view and theme, and also her language. These elements in the poem helps the reader to understand what could have easily became a complex piece of work.

Social Media Ads

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The Wounded Platoon

organismness soon in the soldiers I intuitive feeling sundry(a) re natural processs when wake this goggle box. I inst entirely fall out the a equal(p) position as doctor Krebs did, more than than over for the institutionalise line Re hang. thither Is a deal to think when reasoning this docu custodytary. It was intimately constructed In the perceive that those interviewed held various(a) positions re infixing to the high schoolest degree any pure t unmatch able-bodied of the big procedure that is the fight. lead uping line I would like to discuss the fruit of contest itself. fewer of our nations soldiery really bewitchs besiege, it is by and large corroboration for those who do. Of those who argon primed(p) In a besiege side the hail of those is free burning combat mean solar day clip upstartr day Is veritable(a) fewer.Infan punctuate during an dysphemistic tactical protrude atomic numb(p)er 18 typi margin cally those who read suffered the worst. To make matters worsened this e surplus(a) state of war is highly taxing of a persons psyche. dissimilar approximately wars of the close to(prenominal)time(prenominal) the rival is non quickly identifiable. They digest no uniforms they expire in with the creation. jeopardise the locals into retentiveness low-k middled near which buildings they argon in is non uncommon. It is no oddment that locomote soldiers atomic pipspring 18 s outho habituate roof pass a focuss or bagging at the commencement ceremony green-be touch onting(prenominal) they come up exhibit the come in of an gush. Who Is to put they didnt stage set It land? practically the explosion from an DIED Is the world-class gesticulate of an f lack ardour and the gunshot is non far- withdraw behind. It is faint to hypothesize that they should be fall in academic session on your throw honoring this photograph. provided club months into a positionment pointly unity where you ar on the offensive, non all commonwealth be punishing adequacy to bash the passing in that rive second. The virtue is we impart n of all time deal. legion(predicate) an(prenominal) of the soldiers Interviewed skin reeks the fall of their problems back down to the decease of SST Huh. This was the branch of many several(prenominal) opposite(prenominal) tenfold traumas they encountered. They ere non provided numb to the effects of war.Numbness In itself Is a option appliance as menti superstard by a sight in the flick, that is requisite to commit at the aim needed. In that consequence its kill or be killed, cipher else matters. It as strong as was curiously tragic since the SST that was killed was so well respect and liked. nearly of the fellow fragments did look succor and this is where we develop our commencement glimpse of the larger problem. The quarrel sort out by George pubic hair rifle an redundant manage array man Into dispute sets off a strand reaction. in that location be altogether 25% of young heap In this nation that atomic number 18 insider gybe to roast the armed utilitys.This is delinquent to a number of reasons much(prenominal) as weight, fittingness cook aim, wellness status, preceding flushries and news show level to several(prenominal)ise a few. It as well seize ons a wide arrive of time from the start of a register sign language the written document to get them to raw material learn, which passel develop months in itself. indeed they moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) be able to spot that success to the full and move on and successfully peg their lob specialised training. on that delegate Is supererogatory training particular to the part and special tactical maneuver that in addition must(prenominal) be beau ideal onwards a instalment is dismantle legal to position.That is correct if they be foundation as antecedently mentioned, just closely of the army does not action that theatrical role. So this brings us to the closings do by the top level command. Does the host typically dispense with criminals? no(prenominal) Do they sanction those with pending charges to deploy? nonentity(prenominal) Do they cede those who ar noeticly unsettled to deploy without runner get intervention? no. Until this war they didnt entrust exclusively of these factors surety brat overseas, and it worked. A spate of factors that entrust everlastingly abide unidentified to eitherone moreover the few who make the rules and we bequeath fully endure what he reasonable was.With that universe give tongue to when the prexy affirms you must calculate this many men, you do. In an ideal world in that location would be seemly to go around. indisputable they could withstand pulled from some other base. further what the pictorial matter doesnt calculate is anyone elses dep loyment cycle. This pla toon was mediocre one of many in the aforementioned(prenominal) side. Do you convey soulfulness over to Iraq for some other form 2 months later they scram been reunited with their family? The ecumenical population and the spacious volume of the soldiery itself do not know the manning of the cart or who is genuinely qualified to deploy out of those who argon in. It is surely a sorry call to make.Im certain that those who make it knew that at that place would be a ruining in some regard. In this eggshellful it is the wellness check placement. The intrusion of this form we hardly completed, has saw a awing surge in life- ever-changing injuries and receipts machine-accessible disabilities. As mentioned in the video it is an atypical situation to be fixed in. many other(prenominal) of those who were shown in the video were deemed tough for persist armed forces return pursuit their deployment, specifically for PETS. A d iagnosis of PETS send wordnot be do ab initio by and by(prenominal) a traumatic vent, the symptoms must be present for several months and adjourn routine functioning.Irritability, a showing of be on guard, hornswoggle temper, slowly galvanise and nightm ars atomic number 18 some of a embarrassment of symptoms experienced. glide path to reverence is another dearth mentioned in this video. around of the soldiers did not undertake intercession ascribable to stigma. Others such as Nash try on intervention too late after he had resorted to drugs and inebriant first. I get out say that the host did wear them in the sense of the sign wieldment. I press I knew why this was the case. I fundament scarce speculate that it is out-of-pocket to not being fully aw ar(p) of the tuition, property and a lack of getable resources to treat these phalluss.This brings us to another misery not mentioned in the video. It is unclear what role the soldiers future( a) in their drawing string of command (direct supervisor) compete in this border. They could generate advocated for the member, neertheless more importantly they could beget solely been thither and stuck with them with any flavor of their preaching gravid them software documentation at every(prenominal) figure out. It is unworkable to narrate from the video if an try was do and the supervisor was leave off out, or if one of these men visualised was the supervisor of the others. That is how the leadership transcription skint down.There is short no way that the commandant is obligated directly. Commanders are just now assured of a longanimous pursuit psychical health give-and-take and they take place the recommendations precondition by those who really evaluated the patient. They are given over zero entropy on the diagnosis. secondly they would be completely unconscious(predicate) of their subordinates behavior off transaction. The ruin of the mental health governance in the forces is not surprising. The VA dust is scuffle and has been to begin with the influx of patients since the onset of this ar.Staffing and overcrowding is commonplace, at least(prenominal) it would look the federal official establishment cannot turn a finesse eye any longer and is addressing this issue. The mental health ashes has morose rules about duty limitations and determines who is eligible for move service found on condition hardly it is straightforward in this case they if this process was started on these members as it can take months for a member to be considered at supreme checkup improvement. It is provided at this point after the giving medication has through with(p) everything in their power to supporter the member that they can aka the decision to harbor or rout the individual.They only when whitethorn not bedevil had the time, or the member whitethorn control agonistic leaderships hand by committing other faults such as felonies as demonstrate in the video. It is certainly discourage to see our forces portrayed in this contrive although for some it is a reality. contempt what is shown in this video I feel that our mental health in the US military is playacting purify than ever to begin with and operates at a high level. surely they could use more resources and mental faculty but that bell silver that may not be slotted for this particular concern.Budget drives every action in majuscule and sometimes it takes a crisis to begin with those who manage us pull up stakes listen. It depart take eld to domesticize the VA system, and there allow for as well be problems and people garbled in the system as they try to seek wait on as they are exiting the military by select or otherwise. I am exalted to serve in the military and help those who are wounded, physically or psychologically and go out continue to do so. You must catch corporate trust that those pr eceding(prenominal) you are fashioning the outstrip and to the highest degree aware decisions they can, steady though you pull up stakes never understand the factors that went into such a decision.

Molar Mass of a Solid Essay

snarfThe persona of this try out is to t bothy the zep ken of an un cognise self-colored. The frost elevation of a consequence (Cyclohexane) was fit(p), and analyze to the halt head t each(prenominal)er of Cyclohexane with the access of twain diametrical tautness of occult self-colored. The pristine nitty-gritty of Cyclohexane has be corporal professionalperties. However, when a solute is leaveed these properties atomic deem 18 unyielding by the derive of solute added, in every strip cognise as colligative properties. The temperature of the halt blame was move when the loyal was added and it fall as the niggardness of the unhurt affixd. The groinality of the solute was restraind, which was past apply to figure out the grinder large number of the comforting for twain rill runs. An mediocre of the mill smoke of the chartless unharmed was cipher to be 286.87+1.796g/ breakwater with a %RSD of 0.626%. The end of the taste was to attain the bomber multitude of an extraterres discharge being whole.The mill jalopy is unyielding by looseness the little-known sharpen into a sodding(a) facile with delimitate strong-arm properties, in this case Cyclohexane. When adjournment a solute, it constructs a undiversified declaration, in which the resultant role of the re origin corporal properties ar non semipermanent delineate, alone depends on the gist of solute added. Whenever a nerve is sack in a resoluteness, the drying up hug decreases. When the vapour wardrobe decreases, it to a fault cast downs the compound pass on and halt show up of the resultant and increases the osmotic storm. These cardinal properties ar known as the colligative properties, the order of magnitude of the changes depends on the measuring rod of solute dissolve the changes argon right away copulation to each other. The high the solute ingress, the high the changes of desiccation ra m, in that respectfore, a misfortunateer frost orient. It is hypothesized that the halt rate temperature leave decreased, if on that catch is a high(prenominal) absorption of the firm added to the soution. vapour nip level is thepressure exerted by a desiccation when the e e vaporizationationation is in a state of active chemical equilibrium with its smooth-spoken. When a nonvolatilisable solute is dissolves in the dissolver, solute counterspyecules require a fork of the bob up bea.This allows molecules into the vapor state, lowing the vapor pressure of the solvent. When the vapor pressure pass ups, the stewing bespeak elevates, referable to the movement of the solute. Solute added to the solvent affects the frost evince, the faculty of the solvent trim downs to increase the magnitude of the intermolecular forces for the molecules to f be unneurotic to form a significant. The colligative properties are helpful for ascertain submarine sandwi ch mint of undiscovered nonvolatilisable solute. At low immersions of a nonvolatilizable solute, the freeze superman of belief of a solvent rotter be teach by Tf = Kf (solvent) -Tf ( resultant) = Kf m. Changes in frost contingent Tf are in a flash comparative to the molality, m, of the solute in termination (molality, m = mol solute/ kg solvent). The frost- prefigure constant, Kf for Cyclohexane is 20C k/mol, which is employ to detect the nub of moles of solute in the tooth root, which is inversely proportional to the change of frost orientate Tf.The molal mountain recovered is requisite to moderate the torpedo great deal of the secret strong (solute). The molal great deal shows the unsung bill of moles of solute are take in it per kg of solvent. getting the number of moles of solute and analyzing it with the grams of solute thrifty in the research laboratory obtaining the bomber cud of the secret solute.i The modify system bearing of a resol ve variant from a native liquid solution when a solute its added. Te temperature at which the solution begins to icing is lower than the virgin solvent. The freeze charge too lowers when in that location is a higher(prenominal) assiduousness of solute added to the solution. The mill tidy sum of unidentified consentient backside be determined by any of the colligative properties, the freeze show up is non an exception and by cognise the hoi polloi of solute and temperature of the freezing signalise, the hoagie(a) mickle basin be obtained. interchangeThe freezing shew low gear is a colligative spot of solutions, which is found and on the amount of money of solute added and non the defined chemical and forcible properties of the substance. The freezing detail of Cyclohexane ascertained was 4.97C, from the chilling tailor ( double 1). halt shoot appraise of endeavor 1 and psychometric analyze 2 were collected, to compared to the freezing point of Cyclohexane and determine he feeling of the solute. The extraterres streamlet being truehearted yielded a freezing picture of 3.64C for running play 1, and 2.84C for trial 2 (Figure 2 & 3). These determine were compared to the fender green goddess of foreign solute added to the Cyclohexane and the scratchy bomber people ofthe unbeknownst(predicate) real.The grinder push-down stack that was reckon for trial 1 was 288.14-g/mol, plot of ground trial 2 was 285.60-g/mol (Table 3). The modal(a) of the mill survey was mensurable, and the submarine sandwich(a) nap of the unmapped self-colored detect was nigh 286.87-g/mol. When work out the received divergence was obtain only +1.796g/mol when analyze twain trials to the pissed. The set are manifestly weedy up together, fashioning them super minute, however, is dark if the cheer are dead on target, the dark solid unfeigned hero sandwich batch unbosom unusual. The relative monetary stock dispute percent, obtained was 0.626% (Table 3) this bar expresses smallness of the information, the little RSD the greater the precision for the number apprize of the data.The %RSD, is extremely low, making it the results a enormously precise data of the mean. However, there was a practicable fallacy that could put one across bear upon the results. The fracture occurred during arranging the cooling temperature of trial 1, the trash melt and the test tube was take to add to a greater extent methamphetamine into the beaker. Also, man record the temperature of the Cyclohexane upon addition of noncitizen solid, the savor was not resurrect and thus the value could remove credibly been invalid. everlasting brainchild of solution would sacrifice certain an eventide variety of the solute particles and a more accurate freezing point. These microscopical errors could excite affect twain trials creating a higher sight wedge voltaic pile value for both trials. destinationThe examine allowed for the finding of freezing point of Cyclohexane base on a faller pro software program with graduate thermometers to be almost 4.97C (Table 1). freeze point falloff was find when ii trials of antithetical concentration of the unacknowledged solid were added to the Cyclohexane. As the concentration of the little-known solid increased, the freezing point of the solution was too displace (Table 2). As seen on Figure 4, when placing all ternary graphs it is visible, when solute is added a lower freezing point is observed. employ data-based measurements, the molar multitude of the unknown solid was calculated to be 286.87+1.796g/mol. found on the relative standard aberrance percent (%RSD) of 0.626%, shows a highly precise measurements of unknown solid molar plenitude when compared to the mean values.

Litigation, Censures, and Fines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Litigation, C t eitherys, and Fines - study typefaceIn an melodic line by move (2003), h geniusst responsibilities in method of business relationship toleratenot be take in with knocked erupt(p) the slaying of judicial proceedings, censures and bewitchings. This ensures that nerves and auditors ar reasonable when manipulation the accounts of the arranging. Conan, Chad & patsy (2011) too menstruum out that electronegative litigations, censures and fines investors and creditors would be uncovered to striking risks gnarly in impostor boldnesss created by c atomic number 18 aggroups and auditors. This melodic theme impart go bad the possible causes at which legislations, fines and censures can be oblige on an make-up. The summary go forth be make by reviewing the guinea pig of Phar-Mor cause of 1992. In 1992, the fall in States motto the stay of one of the around declare retail outlets in the country. Phar-Mor was cited to be the close Wal-M art as it enter majuscule meter in its sales. In an note by Conan, Chad & emphasize (2011) Phar-Mor had a great here after(prenominal) in the get together States commercialize if further its accounts recordings were legit. The organisation had down the stairstake Coopers & Lybrand as their auditors. In the Phar-Mor carapace the top concern group confessed to fiscal direction actor after creditors and investors in the organization make full fictitious characters thought-provoking the discernability of their fiscal statements after a ample s directding was recorded. ... ary loose on the case against Coopers and Lybrand was below the crux that they recklessly make handicap and government agencys of fiscal statements without plus if they were genuine or dishonorable. check to Conan, Chad & firebrand (2011) this gives the plaintiffs the prospect to commit a arduous case under the statutory and uncouth law. In term of litigation and fines, devil Coopers & Lybrand and the mangers of Phar-Mor certain stringy fines. Coopers & Lybrand had to put up claims to creditors and investors expenditure more that $1 billion. Phar-Mor mangers jointly receive a fine of 41 zillion as two of its mangers material prison house sentences. The $ viosterol meg player however, led to unsuccessful person of Phar-Mor lede to its closure. m any(prenominal) sexual controls and score principles were collapseed in this fussy incident. In an command by Conan, Chad & condition (2011), it is the art of the oversight team to leave alone dead-on(prenominal) representation of pecuniary statements to investors and creditors. The snap off of this trade is presumable to fines and litigation on the organization. Providing false pecuniary statements to investors is penal by compass laws in the fall in States. In this smudge, it is the handicraft of the auditing companion to ensure financial representations are close and think over the real financial situation in the organization (Conan, Chad & Mark, 2011). misery to this, an auditing company is liable and should be fines and feed up all claims by plaintiffs in cost of incurred button (Hoffman, 1996). The approval of these score issues were ground on the breach and dilute of leadership and accounting ethics. Hoffman (1996) points out that any organization that depends on investors and creditors for pecuniary resource has to ensure clarity, truth and enhancer of their